New perspective on trace element (Re, Ge, Ag) hosts in the Cu-Ag Kupferschiefer deposit, Poland: Insight from a LA-ICP-MS trace element study

Foltyn, Krzysztof; Erlandsson, Viktor Bertrandsson; Zygo, Władysław; Melcher, Frank; Pieczonka, Jadwiga

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104768

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 68 publications

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“…For example, in the Southern Permian Basin (SPB) in Central Europe, a blind giant world-class Polish Kupferschiefer Cu-Ag ore deposit was accidentally discovered in 1957 during petroleum exploration in the Fore-Sudetic Monocline (Borg et al 2012). Sediment-hosted base metal deposits are important resources for metals such as Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, and commonly contain by-products of critical metals: Ga, Ge, In, Co, Pd, Pt, Sb, Au, REE (Leach et al 2005;Cook et al 2009;Foltyn et al 2022), which are of strategic importance (Graedel et al 2014;Bookhagen et al 2020). The ever-increasing demand for these metals, due to a transition to a carbon-free economy, drives intensified research efforts to increase successful ore deposit exploration in sedimentary basins worldwide (Hoggard et al 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Metal budget and origin of aqueous brines depositing deep-seated Zn-Pb mineralization linked to hydrocarbon reservoirs, North German Basin

et al. 2023

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The origin, evolution, and interplay of brine and hydrocarbon fluid systems play a crucial role in the formation of deep sediment-hosted base metal ore deposits. Here we investigate ratios of halogens, noble gases, stable C and S isotopes, and metal budgets of aqueous brines, which deposited deep-seated and near-surface hydrothermal Zn-Pb mineralization hosted by Zechstein carbonates in the Lower Saxony Basin (North German Basin), by studies of fluid inclusions in sphalerite and quartz. Major and trace element geochemistry and noble gas isotopic signatures of brine inclusions revealed that the ore-forming fluids were highly reactive and experienced prolonged interactions with host rocks in the constricted, over-pressured metal source regions and consequently evolved from near-neutral, oxidized brines towards more reduced, acidic high-salinity brines. Quartz-hosted halite-saturated fluid inclusions with Th <200°C contain Zn and Pb concentrations up to ca. 9400 μg g-1 and 5200 μg g-1, respectively, and indicate the efficiency of metal scavenging processes. The interactions with Westphalian coals and Corg-rich shales influenced the redox state as well as the trace and critical element budget of the sphalerite-hosted fluid inclusions, with enrichment in Ge, Pd, Sb, Tl, Bi, and Ag. The salinities of metalliferous fluids originated primarily from seawater evaporation, however in addition a significant halite-dissolution component is present in the southern part of the Lower Saxony Basin. High concentrations of radiogenic noble gases and potassium in the sphalerite-hosted fluid inclusions are ascribed to strong interactions with the Paleozoic siliciclastic sedimentary pile and crystalline basement rocks. Reflux of the strongly modified, sulfur-poor, Zn-Pb-bearing acidic brines, proceeded via re-activated structurally controlled pathways into sour gas or gas-saturated brine pools in the Zechstein Ca2 carbonate unit. Here, mixing of the ascending metal-rich brines with H2S derived from thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), resulted in the deposition of deep-seated Zn-Pb ores in the Lower Saxony Basin. The overall timing of the Zn-Pb ore formation can be constrained to the Upper Cretaceous basin inversion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal budget and origin of aqueous brines depositing deep-seated Zn-Pb mineralization linked to hydrocarbon reservoirs, North German Basin

et al. 2023

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Germanium and precious metals (Ag–Au–Pt–Pd) at low temperature: the hematite–carbonate–selenide vein system of Tilkerode, Harz Mountains, Germany

Lohmeier

Cabral

Ehling³

et al. 2023

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At the historical Eskeborner Berg underground workings at Tilkerode (Eastern Harz Mountains, Germany), Fe was mined from a carbonate–hematite vein system that was locally enriched in selenide minerals. Clausthalite [PbSe] was the most abundant selenide mineral in a carbonate matrix with laths of specular hematite. To date, the selenide-bearing carbonate–hematite vein system at Tilkerode has not been geochemically investigated. Here, we present the first whole-rock chemical data for a wide suite of trace elements. The following metals are enriched relative to bulk continental crust (orders of magnitude in parentheses): Se (>105), Hg (>104), Ag and Pb (103), Au, Bi, Pt, Ge, Te, Pd and Cd (102). Samples from Tilkerode have up to 2640 ppm Ag, 338 ppm Ge, 1560 ppb Au, 970 ppb Pt and 365 ppb Pd, with Pt/Pd > 1, and a significant positive correlation of Ge vs. (Pd+Pt). The selenide mineralisation took place below 112 °C, the maximum temperature stability of umangite [Cu3Se2]. Our data indicate there is potential for prospecting Ge and precious metals in low-temperature vein systems.

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Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite chemistry in stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) metallogenic districts: trace element characteristics and factors controlling polymetallic mineralization

Bertrandsson Erlandsson,

Foltyn,

Muchez

et al. 2024

Miner Deposita

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Stratiform sediment-hosted Cu deposits are significant global sources of Cu and other important metals. The Polish Kupferschiefer produces Ag, Au, Pb, Ni, Se, and Re as by-products, whereas Co is one the of most important metals in the stratiform sediment-hosted Cu-Co deposits of the Central African Copperbelt and the Namibian Dolostone Ore Formation deposit. This study combines new and published laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry sulfide trace element data from these stratiform sediment-hosted copper districts. All the investigated districts exhibit sulfides occurring as disseminations and within later veins. Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite trace element contents vary significantly between the metallogenic districts as well as between different ore stages. Random Forest discriminates the stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) districts based on trace element geochemistry. High Ag and Tl in chalcopyrite is attributed to the Polish Kupferschiefer, Ga and Ge to the Katanga Copperbelt, and Zn and In to the Dolostone Ore Formation deposit. Sphalerite from the Polish Kupferschiefer and the Dolostone Ore Formation deposit can be distinguished on the basis of the Fe and Cd contents. Cobalt and As are significantly elevated in pyrite from the Katanga Copperbelt and Mn in pyrite from the Dolostone Ore Formation deposit. The trace element contents also show that the stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) deposit sulfide data cluster separately from other deposit types. The variation in sulfide trace element contents between the three investigated stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) districts suggests that sulfide chemistry is related to the geology of the host basin and the nature of the underlying basement, which includes preexisting ore occurrences.

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New perspective on trace element (Re, Ge, Ag) hosts in the Cu-Ag Kupferschiefer deposit, Poland: Insight from a LA-ICP-MS trace element study

Cited by 10 publications

References 68 publications

Metal budget and origin of aqueous brines depositing deep-seated Zn-Pb mineralization linked to hydrocarbon reservoirs, North German Basin

Metal budget and origin of aqueous brines depositing deep-seated Zn-Pb mineralization linked to hydrocarbon reservoirs, North German Basin

Germanium and precious metals (Ag–Au–Pt–Pd) at low temperature: the hematite–carbonate–selenide vein system of Tilkerode, Harz Mountains, Germany

Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite chemistry in stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) metallogenic districts: trace element characteristics and factors controlling polymetallic mineralization

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