New prospects in flame retardant polymer materials: From fundamentals to nanocomposites

Investigating the influence of conduit residues on polyurethane plates

“…Polyurethane is a thermoplastic polymer often used in construction works due to its excellent performance as thermal and acoustic insulation [7,8,[13][14][15][16][17] . The physico-chemical properties of polyurethane are important for that purpose [5] .…”

“…The basic physical and chemical aspects of gas-phase ignition reactions have been studied by several researchers [7,8,22] . Thus, the introduction of flame retardants is required in those situations [7,8,16,23] . Flame retardants are intended to inhibit or stop the polymer combustion process.…”

“…Depending on their nature, they can act physically (by cooling, forming a dilution layer or fuel protection) or chemically (gas or condensed phase reaction). They can interfere with different processes involved in the polymer combustion (heating, pyrolysis, ignition, and propagation of thermal degradation) [13,16,23] .…”

“…There is a large number of flame-retardant additives, which are divided into halogenated and non-halogenated compounds [3,13,16,[23][24][25][26][27][28] . The halogenated flame retardants are more efficient than the non-halogenated composites, although they are more toxic during the burning process [23,26,27] .…”

“…The type of flame retardant for PU depends on the application and rules that govern that application. Halogenated flame retardants are commonly used for rigid foams, and include tetrabromophthalic anhydride, aliphatic chlorine, tetrabromophthalate, and 2,3-dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol [16,25,30] .…”