New prospects on solvothermal carbonisation assisted by organic solvents, ionic liquids and eutectic mixtures – A critical review

Mruthunjayappa, Manohara Halanur; Kotrappanavar, Nataraj Sanna; Mondal, Dibyendu

doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.100932

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…[ 32 ] Controlling the strength of the intermolecular interactions via component selection and mixing ratio adjustment, maybe a way to suit the demands from different applications. [ 33 ]…”

Section: Dessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32] Controlling the strength of the intermolecular interactions via component selection and mixing ratio adjustment, maybe a way to suit the demands from different applications. [33] DESs with interesting nanostructure, adjustable properties, flammability, high ionic conductivity, and transference number could be excellent ion transport mediums in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. [12,34] For example, in the mixed lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and N-methylacetamide (NMAc), the (N-H…O) hydrogen bond in NMAc was weakened or even broken by the interaction between LiTFSI and NMAc, resulting in the formation of LiTFSI-NMAc eutectic electrolyte.…”

Section: Dessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Novel Ionic Liquid and Its Related Self‐Assembly in the Areas of Energy Storage and Conversion

et al. 2022

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ILs unique properties such as ionic conductivity, low volatility, noninflammability, high chemical and electrochemical stability, and so on. [3] These properties coupled with adjustable structure and functionality allow ILs to evolve from unique liquid mediums to the solvents/electrolytes widely used across multiple disciplines in science and engineering. [4][5][6][7][8][9] The incorporation of ILs and advanced energy storage and conversion technology seems to be a nice strategy to meet the increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy. [10] However, traditional ILs based on ammonium, alkylpyridinium, dialkylimidazolium, and phosphonium cations, are generally expensive, nonbiodegradable, and toxicities, which are unfavorable to achieving the aforementioned goals. [11] Thus, numerous efforts have been devoted to exploring the advanced ILsderived materials, which retain most of the characteristics of ILs and are endowed with new features. Novel ILs, including deep eutectic solvents (DESs), [12,13] poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), [14][15][16] ionic liquid crystals (ILCs), [17,18] and redox-active ionic liquids (RAILs), [19,20] have been synthesized and have been proved to be promising materials to compensate for the inadequacies of the traditional ILs.In general, those four types of novel ILs exhibit unique features and advantages in the fields of energy storage and conversion, respectively. For example, DESs are inexpensive, biodegradable, and nontoxic, they have great advantages in building environmental-friendliness energy storage devices. [21,22] The PILs have a polymeric structure while maintaining ionic conductivity. This means they are excellent potential materials for preparing binder, membranes, and solid-state electrolyte. [23] They are also a kind of building blocks for self-assembly. ILCs with enhanced ordered structure and unique phase behavior are able to achieve the efficient and directional conduction of species, which are excellent properties to construct high-performance energy storage devices. [24] Besides, RAILs are a liquid material with ionic conductivity and redox centers and have exhibited promising potentiality for use as redox additives and electroactive electrolytes. [25] In this review, we focus on the intrinsic properties of novel ILs and their related self-assembly behavior for constructing highperformance energy storage and conversion devices. In the following four chapters, we discuss the unique properties,

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“…[ 32 ] Controlling the strength of the intermolecular interactions via component selection and mixing ratio adjustment, maybe a way to suit the demands from different applications. [ 33 ]…”

Section: Dessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Novel Ionic Liquid and Its Related Self‐Assembly in the Areas of Energy Storage and Conversion

et al. 2022

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“…There are several studies published in the literature where a thermochemical method named solvothermal carbonization (STC) is employed using different solvents such as water, ethanol, methanol, propanol, and other organic/inorganic solvents, including ionic liquids and eutectic mixtures, with an aim to produce carbon-rich solid products with excellent physicochemical properties from different biomass materials. 1 In STC, a biomass feedstock is immersed in a single solvent or mixture of solvents at low to medium temperature (160-320 °C) and relatively high autogenous pressure (40-170 bar) for different reaction times in an inert atmosphere (in the presence of nitrogen (N 2 ) gas). Due to its relatively low-temperature operation, STC has the advantage of producing solid products with a relatively higher carbon content (e.g., a very negligible amount of liquid or gaseous content loss through this system, allowing carbon retention in the char matrix).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Studies on the use of water as a solvent in STC to produce adsorbent materials have been extensively published in the literature. 1 When water is used, the process is generally referred to as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and the adsorbent product material as "hydrochar". Hydrochar produced from different biomass materials has been studied extensively in the literature for the adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies are reported in the literature where HTC/ STC of biomass using alcoholic solvents has demonstrated significant enhancement of the physicochemical properties of hydro-/solvochar, such as enrichment of functional groups, cation exchange capacity improvement, π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, porosity (pore diameter and pore volume) and surface area. 1,4,10 A previous experimental study on STC of brewers' spent grain presented that solvochars produced at 250 °C with alcoholic solvents (methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol) contained oxygen-enriched functional groups, including hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups, and aromatic ketones. 11 The aromatic ketones and oxygencontaining functional groups play a vital role as the π-electron donor for heavy metal ion adsorption via cation exchange.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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