New questions, new data, old interventions: The health effects of a guaranteed annual income

Forget, Evelyn L.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.05.029

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, we will explore the possibility of building a decision analytic model that will examine the potential long-term economic impact of the intervention after the study period 72. This economic model will use various data sources to estimate costs including the study,73 74 published literature67–69 and expert opinion.…”

Section: Proposed Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity trails in an urban setting and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: a study protocol for a natural experiment

Hobin

Swanson²,

Booth

et al. 2020

BMJ Open

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IntroductionAspects of the built environment that support physical activity are associated with better population health outcomes. Few experimental data exist to support these observations. This protocol describes the study of the creation of urban trials on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related morbidity and mortality in a large urban centre.Methods and analysisBetween 2008 and 2010, the city of Winnipeg, Canada, built four, paved, multiuse (eg, cycling, walking and running), two-lane trails that are 5–8 km long and span ~60 neighbourhoods. Linking a population-based health data with census and environmental data, we will perform an interrupted time series analysis to assess the impact of this natural experiment on CVD-related morbidity and mortality among individuals 30–65 years of age residing within 400–1200 m of the trail. The primary outcome of interest is a composite measure of incident major adverse CVD events (ie, CVD-related mortality, ischaemic heart disease, stroke and congestive heart failure). The secondary outcome of interest is a composite measure of incident CVD-related risk factors (ie, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia). Outcomes will be assessed quarterly in the 10 years before the intervention and 5 years following the intervention, with a 4-year interruption. We will adjust analyses for differences in age, sex, ethnicity, immigration status, income, gentrification and other aspects of the built environment (ie, greenspace, fitness/recreation centres and walkability). We will also assess trail use and trail user profiles using field data collection methods.Ethics and disseminationEthical approvals for the study have been granted by the Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Manitoba and the Health Information Privacy Committee within the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority. We have adopted an integrated knowledge translation approach. Information will be disseminated with public and government partners.Trial registration numberNCT04057417.

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Section: Proposed Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity trails in an urban setting and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: a study protocol for a natural experiment

Hobin

Swanson²,

Booth

et al. 2020

BMJ Open

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“…[11][12][13][14] Similarly, the introduction of a guaranteed annual income experiment in Canada was found to coincide with an 8.5% reduction in hospitalisations due to reductions in mental health and accident/injury codes. 15 The smaller body of research exploring this question in low-income and middle-income countries has yielded more mixed results. Ecuador's unconditional income supplements were found to have no effect on maternal depression at 17 months, 16 while Nicaragua's conditional cash transfer programme was only weakly associated with improvements in caregiver mental health after 9 months.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rigorous randomised evaluations of welfare programmes in the USA and Canada have generally found decreased levels of depression in welfare recipients except when financial incentives were tied to employment mandates 11–14. Similarly, the introduction of a guaranteed annual income experiment in Canada was found to coincide with an 8.5% reduction in hospitalisations due to reductions in mental health and accident/injury codes 15. The smaller body of research exploring this question in low-income and middle-income countries has yielded more mixed results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a private sector living wage intervention on depressive symptoms among apparel workers in the Dominican Republic: a quasi-experimental study

et al. 2015

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ObjectivesPoverty reduction interventions through cash transfers and microcredit have had mixed effects on mental health. In this quasi-experimental study, we evaluate the effect of a living wage intervention on depressive symptoms of apparel factory workers in the Dominican Republic.SettingTwo apparel factories in the Dominican Republic.ParticipantsThe final sample consisted of 204 hourly wage workers from the intervention (99) and comparison (105) factories.InterventionsIn 2010, an apparel factory began a living wage intervention including a 350% wage increase and significant workplace improvements. The wage increase was plausibly exogenous because workers were not aware of the living wage when applying for jobs and expected to be paid the usual minimum wage. These individuals were compared with workers at a similar local factory paying minimum wage, 15–16 months postintervention.Primary outcome measuresWorkers’ depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Ordinary least squares and Poisson regressions were used to evaluate treatment effect of the intervention, adjusted for covariates.ResultsIntervention factory workers had fewer depressive symptoms than comparison factory workers (unadjusted mean CES-D scores: 10.6±9.3 vs 14.7±11.6, p=0.007). These results were sustained when controlling for covariates (β=−5.4, 95% CI −8.5 to −2.3, p=0.001). In adjusted analyses using the standard CES-D clinical cut-off of 16, workers at the intervention factory had a 47% reduced risk of clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms compared with workers at the comparison factory (23% vs 40%).ConclusionsPolicymakers have long grappled with how best to improve mental health among populations in low-income and middle-income countries. We find that providing a living wage and workplace improvements to improve income and well-being in a disadvantaged population is associated with reduced depressive symptoms.

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“…Novamente o acento é colocado na necessidade intervir na diminuição da pobreza, desta feita definindo a proteção social como um dos instrumentos a utilizar (World Bank, 2018). Com efeito, diversas OI e IFI têm manifestado o seu apoio ao desenvolvimento da proteção social e, em particular, a programas de transferência monetária não-contributivos, havendo, no entanato, uma tendência do BM a apoiar CCT, enquanto os UCT conseguem maior aceitação da parte da Oxfam e do Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF) (Forget et al, 2013).…”

Section: 1) Apresentação Das Principais Características Das Transfeunclassified

“…Entre 1974 e 1979, um piloto de RB, chamado Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI), também foi colocado em prática no Canadá, mais concretamente nas cidades de Winnipeg e de Dauphin. Mudanças no governo em 1979 trazem o fim do programa(Forget, 2013). Não existem muitas avaliações dessa experiência, mas entre os efeitos conhecidos há uma melhoria das condições de saúde, que se reflete num menor número de hospitalizações BIG Coalition), que tem por objetivo trabalhar em conjunto com o governo para lograr colocar em vigor um programa de RB.…”

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Ideias e políticas públicas: considerações a partir da análise de programas de transferência monetária na África do Sul, no Brasil e no Chile

Oliveira¹

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New questions, new data, old interventions: The health effects of a guaranteed annual income

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

Physical activity trails in an urban setting and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: a study protocol for a natural experiment

Physical activity trails in an urban setting and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: a study protocol for a natural experiment

Impact of a private sector living wage intervention on depressive symptoms among apparel workers in the Dominican Republic: a quasi-experimental study

Ideias e políticas públicas: considerações a partir da análise de programas de transferência monetária na África do Sul, no Brasil e no Chile

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