New Scheme for Seamless Operation for Stand-Alone Power Systems

Abstract

On remote islands photovoltaic (PV) panels with battery energy storage systems (BESSs) supply electric power to customers in parallel operation with engine generators (EGs) to reduce fuel consumption and environmental burden. A BESS operates in voltage control mode when it supplies power to loads alone, while it operates in current control mode when it supplies power to loads in parallel with the EG. This paper proposes a smooth mode change of the BESS from current control to voltage control by using initial value at the output of integral part in the voltage controller, and a smooth mode change from voltage control to current control by tracking the EG output voltage to the BESS output voltage using a phase-locked loop (PLL). The feasibility of the proposed scheme was verified through computer simulations and experiments with a scaled prototype.

Issues in Energy Vulnerability Assessment: Looking for a Sustainable Choice of Natural Resource for Power Generation

“…Additionally, as they are incorporated into building structures, they do not require additional land use, resulting in less environmental impact [71]. While PV production is more flexible than other resources because it is widely available, it is not of consistent quality: Its storage being one of the biggest challenges and impediments to increased adoption [6,8,[72][73][74][75]. However, measures such as normative resolution №482 issued in 2012 by the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL, Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) regulate: "III-Electricity compensation system: system in which the active energy injected by a consumer unit with distributed microgeneration is given through a free loan to the local distributor and later compensated with active electricity consumption" [76].…”

“…There is hope that through technological developments, PV power will be completely clean from cradle to grave. However, as this analysis considers only the capture of the solar resource (and not the manufacture of the necessary implements to do so), it is understood that it is a clean energy, which stands out exponentially when compared to energy from HCs: Resources that, as discussed above, cause a wide variety of environmental impacts, which irreversibly compromise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, endangering the EV of the AGBS system [6][7][8][72][73][74][75]79]. It is known that various reviews and studies are carried out around the world about EV (with varying degrees of analysis and accuracy, published or not), aiming at the diffuse goal of sustainable development and others such as the objectives of the millennium, as found in [18,19,21,22,31,32,34,80].…”

A Review on Mode Transition Strategies between Grid-Connected and Standalone Operation of Voltage Source Inverters-Based Microgrids

“…According to the standards listed in Table 4, a microgrid system must meet certain synchronization criteria. In the literature, numerous synchronization algorithms have been investigated as guidelines for grid-connected inverter control [150]. The most popular system is the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) system.…”