New Species of Cloud Forest Anolis (Squamata: Polychrotidae) in the crassulus Group from Parque Nacional Montaña de Yoro, Honduras

Townsend, Josiah H.; Wilson, Larry David

doi:10.1643/ch-07-234

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Selection might vary spatially if, for example, the polymorphism has direct adaptive significance elsewhere in the geographic distribution of Anolis . Dorsal pattern polymorphisms similar to the one described here for A. sagrei have been documented among many species of anole throughout their range (Schoener & Schoener, ; Kohler & Obermeier, ; Townsend & Wilson, ; Paemelaere et al ., ). Anole species in the West Indies are derived from mainland South and Central America (Poe, ), and these ancestral populations are thought to be more strongly influenced by predation compared to the anoles of the West Indies (Andrews, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

An experimental test of the role of predators in the maintenance of a genetically based polymorphism

Calsbeek

Cox

2012

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Polymorphisms provide one of the most useful tools for understanding the maintenance of genetic and phenotypic variation in nature. We have previously described a genetically based polymorphism in dorsal patterning that is expressed by female brown anole lizards, Anolis sagrei, which occur in Bar, Diamond and intermediate Diamond-Bar morphs. Previous studies of island populations in The Bahamas support a role for selection in maintaining the polymorphism, but the agents responsible for this selection remain unclear. We tested two main hypotheses regarding the importance of predation as a selective agent that maintains the polymorphism within populations. First, we tested whether correlational selection favours different combinations of morph, locomotor performance and escape behaviour by measuring morphspecific natural selection on sprint speed, running endurance and the propensity of females to either 'freeze' or 'run' in response to attempted capture. Morphs did not differ in any of these traits, nor did correlational selection consistently favour any particular combinations of morph and antipredator behaviour. Second, we experimentally excluded bird and snake predators from two entire island populations, allowed these predators access to two additional islands and then measured subsequent differences in natural selection on morphs in each population. Predators reduced the survival of Bar and Diamond females, but not of genetically intermediate DiamondBar females. These results provide limited evidence that predation may play a role in maintaining this polymorphism, although the functional traits that could account for differential susceptibility to predation remain unclear.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

An experimental test of the role of predators in the maintenance of a genetically based polymorphism

Calsbeek

Cox

2012

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…The validity of A. anisolepis and A. heteropholidotus have been questioned, and in some cases, these taxa are still not recognized. Köhler [ 27 ] demonstrated the validity of A. heteropholidotus , which has subsequently been recognized by Townsend and Wilson [ 24 ], Johnson et al [ 28 ], McCranie and Köhler [ 19 ], and Poe et al [ 29 ]. However, Lieb [ 25 ] stated that A. heteropholidotus was not distinct at the species level, Nicholson et al [ 30 ] did not list A. heteropholidotus as a valid species, and both the IUCN [ 31 ] and Uetz et al [ 32 ] continue to regard A. heteropholidotus as a synonym for A. sminthus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Anoles referred and bearing an affinity to A. crassulus have long been recognized as needing thorough resolution of their evolutionary relationships and taxonomy [ 19 – 22 ]. Seven of the ten species are endemic to the Chortís Block Highlands of Honduras and adjacent El Salvador and Nicaragua [ 19 , 23 , 24 ]. Anolis anisolepis and A. haguei are known only from Chiapas, Mexico, and Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, respectively [ 19 , 23 ], and are of questionable taxonomic validity [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meyer and Wilson ([ 20 ]: 108) stated “specimens of the crassulus group from Guatemala and Mexico have a bewildering array of admixtures of the distinctive characters observed in Honduras… The inter-relationships of [this subgroup] are exceedingly complex, and… we are unable to suggest a satisfactory arrangement.” Subsequent authors, including Lieb [ 21 ], McCranie et al [ 22 ], and McCranie and Köhler [ 19 ] have commented on the importance of a deeper investigation into this subgroup. Previously, these anoles been divided into ‘ crassulus- like’ anoles ( Anolis anisolepis, A. crassulus, A. haguei, A. morazani, and A. rubribarbaris ) and ‘ sminthus- like’ anoles ( A. heteropholidotus, A. muralla, A. sminthus, and A. wermuthi ) on the basis of morphological similarities [ 24 , 26 ]. As noted by Townsend and Wilson [ 24 ], the relationship of Anolis amplisquamosus to the A. crassulus subgroup remains poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, these anoles been divided into ‘ crassulus- like’ anoles ( Anolis anisolepis, A. crassulus, A. haguei, A. morazani, and A. rubribarbaris ) and ‘ sminthus- like’ anoles ( A. heteropholidotus, A. muralla, A. sminthus, and A. wermuthi ) on the basis of morphological similarities [ 24 , 26 ]. As noted by Townsend and Wilson [ 24 ], the relationship of Anolis amplisquamosus to the A. crassulus subgroup remains poorly understood. The validity of A. anisolepis and A. heteropholidotus have been questioned, and in some cases, these taxa are still not recognized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origins and biogeography of the Anolis crassulus subgroup (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the highlands of Nuclear Central America

Hofmann

Townsend

2017

BMC Evol Biol

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BackgroundRecent studies have begun to reveal the complex evolutionary and biogeographic histories of mainland anoles in Central America, but the origins and relationships of many taxa remain poorly understood. One such group is the Anolis (Norops) crassulus species subgroup, which contains ten morphologically similar highland taxa, the majority of which have restricted distributions. The nominal taxon A. crassulus has a disjunct distribution from Chiapas, Mexico, through Guatemala, in the highlands of El Salvador, and in the Chortís Highlands of Honduras. We test the relationships of these species using multiple mitochondrial and nuclear loci in concatenated and multispecies coalescent frameworks, in an effort to both resolve long-standing taxonomic confusion and present new insights into the evolution and biogeography of these taxa.ResultsSequences of multiple mitochondrial and nuclear loci were generated for eight of the ten species of the Anolis crassulus species subgroup. We analyzed phylogenetic relationships and estimated divergence times and ancestral ranges of the subgroup, recovering a monophyletic subgroup within Anolis. Within the nominal taxon Anolis crassulus, we recovered multiple genetically distinct lineages corresponding to allopatric populations, and show that the Chortís Highland lineage split from the others over 13 MYA. Additionally, distinct mitochondrial lineages are present within the taxa A. heteropholidotus and A. morazani, and importantly, samples of A. crassulus and A. sminthus previously used in major anole phylogenetic analyses are not recovered as conspecific with those taxa. We infer a Chortís Highland origin for the ancestor of this subgroup, and estimate cladogenesis of this subgroup began approximately 22 MYA.ConclusionsOur results provide new insights into the evolution, biogeography, and timing of diversification of the Anolis crassulus species subgroup. The disjunctly distributed Anolis crassulus sensu lato represents several morphologically conserved, molecularly distinct anoles, and several other species in the subgroup contain multiple isolated lineages.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-1115-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Análisis filogenético del clado norops grupo fuscoauratus (sauria : polychrotidae) con base en la osteología y la miología del muslo

Moreno¹

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Se presenta un análisis filogenético del Clado Norops grupo fuscoauratus (Sensu Etheridge 1959), con base en 122 caracteres craneales, postcraneales y elementos sesamoideos, y 23 caracteres superficiales y profundos de la musculatura del muslo. Se utilizaron diferentes grupos ajenos para poner a prueba la monofilia del clado. Los resultados muestran que al utilizar todos los grupos ajenos, el grupo fuscoauratus no fue inferido como monofilético. Los soportes de los nudos medidos con Bootstrap fueron bajos,y los caracteres tomados muestran en sus indices de retención valores en su mayoría bajos, indicando poca informatividad filogenética en el árbol escogido.

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New Species of Cloud Forest Anolis (Squamata: Polychrotidae) in the crassulus Group from Parque Nacional Montaña de Yoro, Honduras

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

An experimental test of the role of predators in the maintenance of a genetically based polymorphism

An experimental test of the role of predators in the maintenance of a genetically based polymorphism

Origins and biogeography of the Anolis crassulus subgroup (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the highlands of Nuclear Central America

Análisis filogenético del clado norops grupo fuscoauratus (sauria : polychrotidae) con base en la osteología y la miología del muslo

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