New Squaring and Square-rooting Circuits Using Cdba

Abstract

One new squaring and two new square-rooting circuits based on CDBAs have been introduced. The new squarer circuit consists of a CDBA, two NMOS transistors and one resistor. On the other hand, the first squarerooting circuit consists of two CDBAs, two NMOS transistors while the second square-rooting circuit consists of only a single CDBA, two NMOS transistors and two PMOS transistors. The proposed circuits exhibit wide input voltage range, very small error and offer low output impedance to facilitate easy cascading without requiring additional buffers. PSPICE simulation results are included which confirm the practical workability of the new circuits.

Simple Current-Mode Squaring and Square-Rooting Circuits: Applications of MO-CCCCTA

“…It is clear that the designed square-rooting circuit uses minimum possible components and consumes least power among the references given in Table 5. Although the square-rooters of [3,16] provide better linearity than the proposed structure, they needed a very large power supply. Moreover, the bandwidth of the circuits in [3] is very low, while [16] uses a large number of active building blocks.…”

“…Although the square-rooters of [3,16] provide better linearity than the proposed structure, they needed a very large power supply. Moreover, the bandwidth of the circuits in [3] is very low, while [16] uses a large number of active building blocks. Though the square-rooter of [22] employs only a single active block similar to the proposed structure, it uses bipolar technology, its output impedance is low and also needed a large power supply.…”

“…6 clearly depicts that of all the circuits the reported squarer operates at low supply voltage, dissipates least power and provides better linearity. Although, [3,4,11,13,14,22] employ less number of active block, but [3,4,11,13,14] needed extra active and/or passive components. Besides, they operate either in voltage or in transconductance mode.…”

“…Current-mode circuit designing is an appealing research field for decades due to many potential advantages over their voltage-mode counterpart like-wider dynamic range, simpler circuitry, extended signal bandwidth, improved linearity and lower power consumption [1,2]. Squaring and square-rooting circuits are very important building blocks extensively used for continuous-time signal processing in analog instrumentation, measurement and communication systems [3]. The root-mean-square value of an arbitrary waveform can also be found employing these circuits [4].…”

“…Though several squaring and squarerooting circuits using various active building blocks have been reported earlier, they are not free from limitations. Specifically, in [3], 1 squarer and 2 square-rooters using a single current differencing buffer amplifier (CDBA) were introduced, but all of them work in voltage-mode. Moreover, 2 MOSFETs and 1 resistor are needed additionally for the squarer, and 2/4 external MOSFETs are needed for the first/second square-rooter, respectively.…”