New techniques for extreme conditions: high temperature reverse osmosis and nanofiltration

Effect of temperature on ion transport in nanofiltration membranes: Diffusion, convection and electromigration

“…This practice requires expenditure on heat exchangers and also creates energy costs due to the inefficiencies of the heat exchangers [12]. Thus, by designing NF membranes for optimal performance at above ambient temperature, capital costs and energy consumption in heat-exchangers, dependence on other energy-intensive water-treatment methods such as RO, and the use of chemical additives to remove scale-forming ions can be reduced significantly [13].…”

A recent progress in thin film composite membrane: A review

“…Its hydrophobic properties and solvent sensitivity are the main concerns to many particularly when the composite membranes are used in separation process of solventbased solution [12]. Furthermore, these PSF membranes could hardly be used at temperature higher than 50°C [54]. In light of this, studies have been made on substrate membrane to modify its properties with the objectives of developing chemically and thermally stable polymeric substrates which can withstand harsh environments without compromising water permeability and rejection efficiency.…”

Preparation, characterization and application of a novel thermal stable composite nanofiltration membrane

“…Many commercial TFC membranes were prepared on polysulfone (PSf) substrate, because it has excellent chemical resistance and mechanical strength. But, these membranes could hardly be used at temperature higher than 50 • C [9].…”

“…It has introduced a new perspective for the treatment of industrial effluents contaminated with organics or salts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The application of high temperature resistant membranes is increasingly gaining attention in industry because they have many advantages comparing to most commercial membranes which can only be applied under 45-50 • C. The advantages include flux enhancement, heat recovery, high temperature cleaning and pasteurization [9]. High temperature resistant membranes can be used in the treatment of various hot fluid streams without strict temperature control.…”

“…What is more, the enhanced flux due to high temperature may allow certain reduction of operating pressure, which further saves operating cost. But the research on NF membranes for the treatment of high temperature effluent is still little [9,10].…”