New Technological Developments in Identification and Monitoring of New and Emerging Infections

Zyl, Gert U. van

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818731-9.00094-x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…The best model is based upon air temperature, a surrogate for both sea surface temperature (the two are strongly correlated 27,28 ) and coastal recreation 29 . This approach contrasts to previous studies 9 which focus on the ecological suitability for the V. vulnificus bacteria, which even if present, may not lead to human disease 30 . Therefore, within our current and future V. vulnificus disease distribution there will be coastal areas where conditions are unsuitable for V. vulnificus bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Climate warming and increasing Vibrio vulnificus infections in North America

Archer

Baker‐Austin

Osborn

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, occurring in warm low-salinity waters. V. vulnificus wound infections due to seawater exposure are infrequent but mortality rates are high (~ 18%). Seawater bacterial concentrations are increasing but changing disease pattern assessments or climate change projections are rare. Here, using a 30-year database of V. vulnificus cases for the Eastern USA, changing disease distribution was assessed. An ecological niche model was developed, trained and validated to identify links to oceanographic and climate data. This model was used to predict future disease distribution using data simulated by seven Global Climate Models (GCMs) which belong to the newest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Risk was estimated by calculating the total population within 200 km of the disease distribution. Predictions were generated for different “pathways” of global socioeconomic development which incorporate projections of greenhouse gas emissions and demographic change. In Eastern USA between 1988 and 2018, V. vulnificus wound infections increased eightfold (10–80 cases p.a.) and the northern case limit shifted northwards 48 km p.a. By 2041–2060, V. vulnificus infections may expand their current range to encompass major population centres around New York (40.7°N). Combined with a growing and increasingly elderly population, annual case numbers may double. By 2081–2100 V. vulnificus infections may be present in every Eastern USA State under medium-to-high future emissions and warming. The projected expansion of V. vulnificus wound infections stresses the need for increased individual and public health awareness in these areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Climate warming and increasing Vibrio vulnificus infections in North America

Archer

Baker‐Austin

Osborn

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…Beyond observing disease manifestation and the bioaccumulation of toxic chemicals or infectious pathogens, it is crucial to conduct serological, microbiological, and molecular investigations to evaluate antibodies against infectious agents or their genetic material in domestic or wild animals that can impact humans ( van Zyl, 2022 ). This approach not only provides information about animal exposure or the presence of pathogens but also indicates that the pathogen is circulating in the environment and has the potential to infect humans upon contact, as noted by Keesing & Ostfeld (2021) .…”

Section: Survey Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic spillover and viral mutations from low and middle-income countries: improving prevention strategies and bridging policy gaps

Haq,

Nazir,

Manzoor

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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The increasing frequency of zoonotic spillover events and viral mutations in low and middle-income countries presents a critical global health challenge. Contributing factors encompass cultural practices like bushmeat consumption, wildlife trade for traditional medicine, habitat disruption, and the encroachment of impoverished settlements onto natural habitats. The existing “vaccine gap” in many developing countries exacerbates the situation by allowing unchecked viral replication and the emergence of novel mutant viruses. Despite global health policies addressing the root causes of zoonotic disease emergence, there is a significant absence of concrete prevention-oriented initiatives, posing a potential risk to vulnerable populations. This article is targeted at policymakers, public health professionals, researchers, and global health stakeholders, particularly those engaged in zoonotic disease prevention and control in low and middle-income countries. The article underscores the importance of assessing potential zoonotic diseases at the animal-human interface and comprehending historical factors contributing to spillover events. To bridge policy gaps, comprehensive strategies are proposed that include education, collaborations, specialized task forces, environmental sampling, and the establishment of integrated diagnostic laboratories. These strategies advocate simplicity and unity, breaking down barriers, and placing humanity at the forefront of addressing global health challenges. Such a strategic and mental shift is crucial for constructing a more resilient and equitable world in the face of emerging zoonotic threats.

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New Technological Developments in Identification and Monitoring of New and Emerging Infections

Cited by 2 publications

References 162 publications

Climate warming and increasing Vibrio vulnificus infections in North America

Climate warming and increasing Vibrio vulnificus infections in North America

Zoonotic spillover and viral mutations from low and middle-income countries: improving prevention strategies and bridging policy gaps

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