New winter oilseed rape varieties – seed quality and morphological traits depending on sowing date and rate

Abstract

Many studies have focused on research about impact of time and density of sowing on the agronomic characteristics of different crops. However, the number of studies investigating such a response on the qualitative composition of different types of winter oilseed rape varieties is still limited. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of sowing date and density on yield, protein and oil content and quality of winter oilseed rape varieties: open-pollinated, a typical hybrid of traditional type of growth and a new semi-dwarf hybrid, which biology and yielding have not been thoroughly established. This experiment was conducted applying four sowing dates (August 14, August 25, September 4, September 15), three winter oilseed rape cultivars (PR45D03 -semidwarf hybrid, PR46W31 -hybrid, Californium -open-pollinated) and four sowing rates (30, 40, 50, 60 seeds/m 2 ). Among the compared sowing dates, August 25 proved to be optimal for yielding of the tested winter oilseed rape cultivars. Semi-dwarf variety contained less protein and glucosinolate in seeds, but more oil in comparison to other studied varieties (hybrid and open-pollinated). The yields did not differ significantly within a density of 40, 50, 60 seeds/m 2 , so it is important result, especially for the agricultural practice.

The Effect of Fertilization with Sulphur, Boron, and Amino Acids on the Content of Glucosinolate in Winter Rape Seeds

“…The results of our own research indicate that a significantly lower amount of rainfall in April, compared with the average of many years in the last year of the study, could have affected the increase in glucosinolate content. Many authors came to similar conclusions [13,[30][31][32][33][34], and stated that drought during flowering may affect the concentration of glucosinolate in rapeseed.…”

“…Similarly, Sikorska et al, [14] noted the lowest concentration of glucosinolates in the Monolit population form-on average 8.84 µM·g −1 , while the highest-on average 9.84 µM·g −1 was found in seeds of a restored hybrid form with a semi-dwarf growth type (PR 44D06). In turn, Rajtczak et al [13] showed that the seeds of the semi-dwarf hybrid PR45D03 were characterized by a much lower content of glucosinolates compared to the hybrid with traditional growth type (PR46W31) and the population cultivar (Californium).…”

“…Glucosinolates play an important role in the plant in increasing the resistance of plants to stress caused by environmental factors and protecting against pests and diseases. The glucosinolate content depends on the genetic factor [12][13][14][15], agrotechnical procedures [16][17][18][19][20][21], and environmental conditions [14,22]. Sikorska et al [14] showed that the population morphotype is characterized by the lowest concentration of these compounds, while Rajtczak et al [13] stated that half-dwarf hybrids.…”

“…The glucosinolate content depends on the genetic factor [12][13][14][15], agrotechnical procedures [16][17][18][19][20][21], and environmental conditions [14,22]. Sikorska et al [14] showed that the population morphotype is characterized by the lowest concentration of these compounds, while Rajtczak et al [13] stated that half-dwarf hybrids. Many authors [19,21,23] under the influence of foliar fertilization showed an increase in the GLS content in rapeseed, while Yang et al [24], Jankowski et al [18], and Sikorska et al [14] found a reduction in the concentration of these compounds in rapeseed.…”

Yield components of winter oilseed rape regard to plant population

“…Authors include 6 different oilseed rape genotypes (Ahmadi, Okapi, Opera, L72, Karaj1 and SW102) and found that the seed yield at 60 and 80 plants m -2 in all varieties was significantly reduced compared to the 40 plants m -2 . In the study of different plant population (30, 40, 50 and 60 seeds m -2 ) by Ratajczak et al (2017) indicate that the lowest seed yield was obtained at 30 m -2 seeds (38.9 dt ha -1 ), while there was no statistically justified differences between yield of seeds of other sowing density and the yield ranged from 41.0 dt ha -1 (40 seeds m -2 ) to 41.4 dt ha -1 (60 seeds m -2 ). Zhang et al (2012) also found yield decrement with increasing plant population and they statted that the highest seed yield per plant was at 36 plants m -2 .…”