Next generation per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: Status and trends, aquatic toxicity, and risk assessment

Mahoney, Hannah; Xie, Yuwei; Brinkmann, Markus; Giesy, John P.

doi:10.1016/j.eehl.2022.05.002

Cited by 79 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with previous studies that reported positive associations between cord serum PFHxS concentrations and birth weight or birth length. , In addition, we found a positive association between cord serum 6:2 Cl-PFESA, as well as maternal serum 6:2 FTSA, and birth weight. Animal studies suggested thyroid and endocrine disruption by emerging PFAS. − However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of toxic effects of PFAS on fetal growth.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Evidence of Prenatal Exposure to Emerging Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances Associated with E-Waste Dismantling: Chemical Structure-Based Placental Transfer and Health Risks

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Limited information is available about prenatal exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites. In this study, we determined 21 emerging PFAS and 13 legacy PFAS in 94 paired maternal and cord serum samples collected from an e-waste dismantling site in Southern China. We found 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTSA), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), and perfluorooctanephosphonate (PFOPA) as the major emerging PFAS, regardless of matrices, at median concentrations of 2.40, 1.78, and 0.69 ng/mL, respectively, in maternal serum samples, and 2.30, 0.73, and 0.72 ng/mL, respectively, in cord serum samples. Our results provide evidence that e-waste dismantling activities contribute to human exposure to 6:2 FTSA, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, and PFOPA. The trans-placental transfer efficiencies of emerging PFAS (0.42−0.94) were higher than that of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (0.37) and were structure-dependent. The substitution of fluorine with chlorine or hydrogen and/or hydrophilic functional groups may alter trans-placental transfer efficiencies. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated significant associations between maternal serum concentrations of emerging PFAS and maternal clinical parameters, especially liver function and erythrocyte-related biomarkers. This study provides new insights into prenatal exposure to multiple PFAS in e-waste dismantling areas and the prevalence of emerging PFAS in people living near the sites.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Evidence of Prenatal Exposure to Emerging Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances Associated with E-Waste Dismantling: Chemical Structure-Based Placental Transfer and Health Risks

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…4 Compared to other environmental matrices, the effects of PFASs in the aquatic environment and on aquatic organisms have been understudied. 5 Decades of research have indicated a range of toxic effects associated with exposure to PFASs; 5,6 but the mechanisms behind such effects are complex, and consensus is lacking on specific modes and pathways of toxic action. 5,6 In general, PFASs are expected to bind to and dysregulate nuclear receptors involved in lipid metabolism, steroidogenesis, and the immune system, as well as directly affect cells by the production of reactive oxygen species in response to exposure, interacting with cellular membranes, and causing mitochondrial toxicity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 However, multiple industries and producers of products containing PFASs have begun to replace them with novel compounds. 6 Replacement per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances are nextgeneration compounds that have begun to emerge in the environment. 6 These compounds are often produced with different molecular shapes and properties such as shorter chains or the inclusion of ether bonds to make them more degradable and less bioaccumulative.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Replacement per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances are next-generation compounds that have begun to emerge in the environment . These compounds are often produced with different molecular shapes and properties such as shorter chains or the inclusion of ether bonds to make them more degradable and less bioaccumulative . While these are properties that would ideally make them safer, they have not been extensively tested, and early evidence has suggested that some of these replacements have similar adverse effects as legacy compounds. , Key PFAS replacements previously under scrutiny have included “GenX” compounds, 6:2 chlorinated polyether sulfonate (6:2 CL-PFAES), and perfluoro butanesulfonic acid (PFBS) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compounds are often produced with different molecular shapes and properties such as shorter chains or the inclusion of ether bonds to make them more degradable and less bioaccumulative . While these are properties that would ideally make them safer, they have not been extensively tested, and early evidence has suggested that some of these replacements have similar adverse effects as legacy compounds. , Key PFAS replacements previously under scrutiny have included “GenX” compounds, 6:2 chlorinated polyether sulfonate (6:2 CL-PFAES), and perfluoro butanesulfonic acid (PFBS) . These compounds have been shown to cause liver damage, oxidative stress, , reductions in fitness of individuals, and thyroid endocrine disruption , and are considered just as persistent in the environment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Exposure of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) to the Next-Generation Perfluoroalkyl Substance, Perfluoroethylcyclohexanesulfonate, Shows Similar Effects as Legacy Substances

Mahoney

Cantin

Rybchuk

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Perfluoroethylcyclohexanesulfonate (PFECHS) is an emerging perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) that has been considered a potential replacement for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). However, there is little information characterizing the toxic potency of PFECHS to zebrafish embryos and its potential for effects in aquatic environments. This study assessed toxic potency of PFECHS in vivo during both acute (96-hour postfertilization) and chronic (21-day posthatch) exposures and tested concentrations of PFECHS from 500 ng/L to 2 mg/L. PFECHS was less likely to cause mortalities than PFOS for both the acute and chronic experiments based on previously published values for PFOS exposure, but exposure resulted in a similar incidence of deformities. Exposure to PFECHS also resulted in significantly increased abundance of transcripts of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (pparα), cytochrome p450 1a1 (cyp1a1), and apolipoprotein IV (apoaIV) at concentrations nearing those of environmental relevance. Overall, these results provide further insight into the safety of an emerging PFAS alternative in the aquatic environment and raise awareness that previously considered “safer” alternatives may show similar effects as legacy PFASs.

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Profiling research on PFAS in wildlife: Systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis

Vendl,

Taylor,

Bräunig

et al. 2024

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of synthetic chemicals that have been in use for over 70 years. Their ubiquitous distribution and harmful effects pose a threat to wildlife worldwide. To provide a comprehensive synopsis and show the gaps and gluts of existing research on PFAS exposure in wildlife, we created a systematic map and bibliographic analysis of the literature. We followed our protocol to conduct a systematic literature search on Scopus, Web of Science and five other databases. In two steps (title/abstract/keywords and full‐text), we screened peer‐reviewed empirical articles, preprints and theses in English that studied the concentration of at least one of 34 PFAS compounds in free‐ranging wildlife or their parts/products. Following the protocol, we extracted data and performed a critical appraisal. We included 581 publications. From the first and only paper in 2001, there was a linear annual increase to 54 papers in 2021. While PFOS (97% of studies), PFOA (91%) and long‐chain PFAS in general were the most measured, few studies investigated new‐generation PFAS (e.g. GenX and ADONA). Across the studied 1042 species from 26 taxonomic classes, the most frequent were the common carp (Cyprinus carpio, 8%), polar bear (Ursus maritimus, 6%) and European perch (Perca fluviatilis, 5%). Most sampling took place in the United States (17%), Norway (13%), Canada (12%) and China (10%), which were also the main publishing countries. Polar regions attracted significant research interest from countries all around the globe. Aquatic habitats (marine: 31%, freshwater: 28%) of temperate zones were the most common locations for sample collection. We encourage researchers to work towards closing the following gaps: investigating new‐generation PFAS, assessing PFAS in mid‐ and low‐income countries and performing more long‐term studies, especially on invertebrates. We note the recent rise in studies on the physiological consequences of PFAS exposure and encourage further work on this crucial topic. Furthermore, we recommend that the statement of potential and actual conflicts of interest, and the provision of raw data and analysis code should be made compulsory by all journals and routinely enforced. This practice will mitigate conflict of interest and ensure reproducibility.

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Next generation per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances: Status and trends, aquatic toxicity, and risk assessment

Cited by 79 publications

References 143 publications

First Evidence of Prenatal Exposure to Emerging Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances Associated with E-Waste Dismantling: Chemical Structure-Based Placental Transfer and Health Risks

First Evidence of Prenatal Exposure to Emerging Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances Associated with E-Waste Dismantling: Chemical Structure-Based Placental Transfer and Health Risks

Acute Exposure of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) to the Next-Generation Perfluoroalkyl Substance, Perfluoroethylcyclohexanesulfonate, Shows Similar Effects as Legacy Substances

Profiling research on PFAS in wildlife: Systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis

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