Nextgen Vector Surveillance Tools: Sensitive, Specific, Cost-effective and Epidemiologically Relevant

Abstract

Background Vector surveillance provides critical data for decision-making to ensure that malaria control programs remain effective and responsive to any threats to effectiveness. The quality and quantity of is dependent on the sampling tools and laboratory techniques used which may lack the sensitivity required to collect relevant data for decision-making. Here, 40 vector control experts were interviewed to assess the benefits and limitations of the current vector surveillance tools and techniques. In addition, experts shared ideas on “blue sky” indicators which encompassed ideas for novel methods to monitor presently used indicators, to measure novel vector behaviours not presently measured, algorithms for deploying surveillance tools and priorities for understanding vector behaviours critical for collecting and interpreting vector data. Results. The available tools for sampling and analysing vectors are often hampered by high labour and resource requirements (human and supplies) coupled with high outlay and operating costs and variable tool performance across species and geographic regions vector. The next generation of surveillance tools needs to address the limitations of our present tools by being more sensitive, specific and less costly to deploy to enable the collection and use of epidemiologically relevant vector data to facilitate more proactive vector control guidance. Ideas and attributes for Target Product Profiles (TPPs) generated from this analysis provide targets for research and funding to develop next generation tools.Conclusions. More efficient surveillance tools and a more complete understanding of vector behaviours and populations will provide a basis for more cost effective and successful malaria control by better enabling intervention to be selected that align with vulnerabilities in vector behaviours and thus enable more effective control. Through defining the strengths and weaknesses of the current vector surveillance methods, a foundation and initial framework was provided to define the TPPS for the next generation of vector surveillance methods. The TTPs presented here aim to ensure that the next generation tools and technologies are not encumbered by the limitations of our present surveillance methods, and can be readily deployed in low resource settings.