NGO Policy in Pre- and Post-Mubarak Egypt: Effects on NGOs’ Roles in Democracy Promotion

Herrold, Catherine E.

doi:10.1515/npf-2014-0034

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Patrons require frequent, regular and detailed reporting on all aspects of organizational governance, operations and finances (Bebbington, 1997;Herrold, 2016;Wiktorowicz, 2000).…”

Section: Bureaucratizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governing Through Patronage: The Rise of NGOs and the Fall of Civil Society in Palestine and Morocco

Atia

Herrold

2018

Voluntas

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This article examines foreign aid and government funding to NGOs as forms of patronage, and explores the impact of such funding on the nature and role of civil society. Using qualitative research from Palestine and Morocco, we argue that patronage transforms NGOs into apparatuses of governing. NGOs become key sites for the exercise of productive power through the technologies of professionalization, bureaucratization and upward accountability. The article explores how this transformation of NGOs depoliticizes their work while undermining their role as change agents within civil society. The findings have implications for understanding the transformation of NGOs, the relationship between patrons and their grantees, and, finally, for exploring the limitations of NGOs as vehicles for social change in sensitive political environments.

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“…Patrons require frequent, regular and detailed reporting on all aspects of organizational governance, operations and finances (Bebbington, 1997;Herrold, 2016;Wiktorowicz, 2000).…”

Section: Bureaucratizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governing Through Patronage: The Rise of NGOs and the Fall of Civil Society in Palestine and Morocco

Atia

Herrold

2018

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“…Some studies have provided evidence of the failure of NGOs -either local, but supported by international agencies, or purely international-in strengthening democracy in the countries where they work (Rahman 2006;Jacka 2010;Cumming 2011). Nevertheless, NGOs' role in democratization is pivotal as they are working in all its phases (Herrold 2016). Firstly, during the pre-transition period, NGOs serve as spaces of mobilization where opposition groups develop their platforms and recruit supporters.…”

Section: Ngos Democracy and Political Representation Of Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, in the democratic consolidation phase, NGOs pressure the state for further democratic reforms but also enter into the business of inculcating democratic values. Herrold (2016) further argues that NGOs are thought to voice various groups and interests in public, including women and other minority groups.…”

Section: Ngos Democracy and Political Representation Of Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender quotas in Indonesia: Re-examining the role of international NGOs

Prihatini

Siregar

2019

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Women's political representation in Indonesia has been rather limited and has fluctuated since independence in 1945. In a hope to improve this situation, a legislated gender quota of 30 percent for candidates in Indonesia was first implemented in the 2004 elections. In this paper, we strive to answer the question of what is the role of international NGOs in helping the process of the provision of candidate gender quotas in Indonesia. By analysing literature on the importance of gender quotas from theoretical perspectives, examples on the implementation of quotas of other countries, role of NGO in democracy as well as in women political representation, and interviews with six participants from two Indonesian NGOs and two International NGOs, who were directly involved in the process of endorsing gender quotas, we found that the influence of international NGOs has been significant and yet indirect as the pursuit of affirmative action policy is only part of the bigger project in promoting gender equality. Resumo Quotas de género na Indonésia: reexame do papel das ONG internacionaisA representação política das mulheres na Indonésia tem sido bastante limitada e oscilou desde a independência em 1945. Na esperança de melhorar essa situação, uma quota de género de 30% dos candidatos foi implementada pela primeira vez nas eleições de 2004 na Indonésia. Neste artigo, esforçamo-nos para responder à pergunta sobre qual o papel das ONG internacionais no apoio ao processo de estabelecimento de quotas de género nas candidaturas eleitorais na Indonésia. Ao analisar a literatura sobre a importância das quotas de género a partir de perspetivas teóricas, de exemplos sobre a implementação de quotas noutros países, do papel das ONG na democracia e na representação política das mulheres, e de entrevistas com seis participantes de duas ONG indonésias e duas ONG internacionais que estiveram diretamente envolvidas no processo de estabelecimento de quotas de género, verificámos que a influência das ONG internacionais tem sido significativa, ainda que indireta, uma vez que a procura de políticas de ação afirmativa é apenas uma parte do projeto mais amplo de promoção da igualdade de género.Palavras-chave: quotas de género, Indonésia, ONG internacionais, representação de mulheres. Résumé Les quotas de genre en Indonésie : réexaminer le rôle des ONG internationalesLa représentation politique des femmes en Indonésie a été plutôt limitée et a fluctué depuis l'indépendance de 1945. Avec l'espoir d'améliorer cette situation, un quota de 30% de femmes, prévu par la loi, a été mis en place lors des élections de 2004. Dans cet article, nous nous efforçons de répondre à la question de savoir quel est le rôle des ONG internationales dans le processus de mise en place de quotas de candidats par sexe en Indonésie. En analysant la littérature sur l'importance des quotas de genre du point de vue théorique, des exemples sur la mise en oeuvre de quotas d'autres pays, le rôle des ONG dans la démocratie ainsi que dans la représentation politique des femmes, et...

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“…Various unique aspects of the Egyptian foundations-for example, they were still in the early phases of building endowments-will be elucidated in the application of the conceptual model. Prior to the 2011 uprisings, Law 84 of 2002 constrained foundations' activities to the realm of economic development (Herrold, 2016). It prohibited any activities that could be deemed "political," and thus Egypt's foundations carefully avoided initiatives related to politics or policy.…”

Section: Case Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Model of Foundations’ Leadership Capacity in Times of Change: Lessons From Egypt

Herrold

2017

Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly

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In the wake of the January 25, 2011 Egyptian uprisings, local private and community foundations responded divergently to civil society’s calls for political change. Egypt’s community foundations quickly positioned themselves as leaders of democratic political reforms, while private foundations remained focused on their pre-2011 activities in the economic development realm. To explain the foundations’ different responses to the uprisings, the article draws upon extant literature to develop a conceptual model of foundations’ capacity to lead change. It then applies the model to the Egyptian case, arguing that community foundations’ high levels of political independence and low levels of financial and civic independence facilitated their leadership efforts, while private foundations’ low levels of political and financial independence and high levels of civic independence hampered their ability to lead reform initiatives. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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NGO Policy in Pre- and Post-Mubarak Egypt: Effects on NGOs’ Roles in Democracy Promotion

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Governing Through Patronage: The Rise of NGOs and the Fall of Civil Society in Palestine and Morocco

Governing Through Patronage: The Rise of NGOs and the Fall of Civil Society in Palestine and Morocco

Gender quotas in Indonesia: Re-examining the role of international NGOs

A Conceptual Model of Foundations’ Leadership Capacity in Times of Change: Lessons From Egypt

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