Niches and Geographic Distributions

Peterson, A. Townsend; Soberón, Jorge; Pearson, Richard G.; Anderson, Robert P.; Martínez‐Meyer, Enrique; Nakamura, Miguel; Araújo, Miguel B.

doi:10.23943/princeton/9780691136868.003.0003

Cited by 989 publications

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“…However, existing screening schemes do not fully make use of the observation that a match between the target organism's physiology and the target environment is the most consistent indicator of invasion success (9). Also, screening schemes have not taken full advantage of species distribution modeling (15,16), a method that allows broad-scale environmental attributes to be matched to indicators of species' physiology (17). Previous applications of species distribution modeling to invasions have been restricted to correlative models with weak links to physiology and small sets of species (18)(19)(20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Invasive plants have broader physiological niches

Higgins

Richardson

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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Invasive species cost the global economy billions of dollars each year, but ecologists have struggled to predict the risk of an introduced species naturalizing and invading. Although carefully designed experiments are needed to fully elucidate what makes some species invasive, much can be learned from unintentional experiments involving the introduction of species beyond their native ranges. Here, we assess invasion risk by linking a physiologically based species distribution model with data on the invasive success of 749 Australian acacia and eucalypt tree species that have, over more than a century, been introduced around the world. The model correctly predicts 92% of occurrences observed outside of Australia from an independent dataset. We found that invasiveness is positively associated with the projection of physiological niche volume in geographic space, thereby illustrating that species tolerant of a broader range of environmental conditions are more likely to be invasive. Species achieve this broader tolerance in different ways, meaning that the traits that define invasive success are context-specific. Hence, our study reconciles studies that have failed to identify the traits that define invasive success with the urgent and pragmatic need to predict invasive success.biological invasion | range size | physiology | ecological niche | tree invasions W hy some species perform better than others when introduced to novel regions is a question of immense theoretical and practical importance. Theoretical ecologists seek to understand the conditions that allow species to invade communities and coexist with other taxa, thereby shaping patterns of biodiversity (1, 2). Applied ecologists need to know which introduced species are most likely to establish, invade, and cause environmental damage (3). More generally, biological invasions are grand natural experiments that provide one of ecology's most profitable avenues for testing our ability to forecast the distribution of species and diversity (4).Although theoretical ecologists have made impressive progress in understanding the mediators of coexistence using invasion tests (5, 6), applied ecologists bemoan the fact that predicting the next environmental pest seems as intractable now as decades ago, when the global consequences of invasions first became apparent (7). Although many studies have deciphered the attributes of successful invaders (8), others show that invasive organisms do not differ in consistent ways from native taxa and that, if laws do determine invasiveness and invasibility, they are, at best, highly context-specific (9-11). Such uncertainty is perhaps not surprising, because the study of invasions is, by definition, complicated by historical factors. For example, increased propagule pressure and residence time increase invasive success, together often overwhelming any inherent factors that enhance or limit invasiveness (12-14). Hence, invasion biology seems resigned to accepting that a universal definition of invasibility and invasiveness is unlike...

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confidence: 99%

Invasive plants have broader physiological niches

Higgins

Richardson

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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“…en el impacto potencial del cambio climático, en las proyecciones de ocurrencia geográfi ca de las especies invasoras y en la identifi cación de zonas y regiones geográfi cas que requieren ser exploradas (Guisan y Zimmermann, 2000;Hansen et al, 2001;Anderson et al, 2003;Elith y Leathwick, 2009;Peterson et al, 2011;Saupe et al, 2012). El modelado del nicho ecológico proporciona una aproximación de los factores ambientales más importantes que intervienen la distribución de las especies.…”

Section: José Antonio López-sandoval Et Alunclassified

“…Además, se empleó el valor del área bajo la curva (AUC) proporcionado por la curva operada por el receptor (ROC) para evaluar la robustez de los modelos. Se acepta, en términos generales, que los valores del AUC entre 0.7 y 0.9 para los datos de entrenamiento y de prueba del modelo, como modelos buenos y aquellos con valores mayores a 0.9 como modelos muy buenos (Peterson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Modelado De Distribuciónunclassified

“…Es notorio que en todos los casos, excepto dos, el área bajo la curva ROC resulta mayor de 0.9, lo que indica que los modelos resultantes son modelos muy buenos y que los dos restantes son modelos buenos (Peterson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Perfi Les Bioclimáticos De Las Especies De Physalis Secciónunclassified

“…l modelado del nicho ecológico de especies mediante algoritmos computacionales usa datos de la presencia comprobada de las especies conjuntamente con variables ambientales para producir modelos correlativos de las condiciones más adecuadas del hábitat que determinan la distribución de las especies (Peterson et al, 2011). Las aplicaciones de estos modelos son relevantes en investigaciones sobre biología de la conservación, biogeografía, epidemiología,…”

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Modelado de los factores ambientales que determinan la distribución de especies sinantrópicas de <em>Physalis</em>

et al. 2015

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5Autor para la correspondencia. lauro@colpos.mxResumen: El modelado de la distribución de especies sinantrópicas (malezas) y los factores ambientales que determinan dicha distribución han sido poco estudiados. Physalis tiene 90 especies distribuidas en las Américas, y algunas especies en el Viejo Mundo. México alberga cerca de 70 especies y aproximadamente 35 son endémicas. La sección Angulatae incluye diez especies, todas sinantrópicas en mayor o menor grado. Las especies se concentran en la Sierra Madre Occidental, la Sierra Madre del Sur y en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. El objetivo de este trabajo fue modelar e identifi car las variables ambientales que determinan la distribución potencial de las diez especies de Physalis sección Angulatae. Se emplearon 524 registros revisados por especialistas en la taxonomía del grupo y 20 variables ambientales; de éstas 12 fueron climáticas, tres edáfi cas, dos de cobertura de la vegetación y tres de atributos topográfi cos. Los modelos se calcularon con el algoritmo Maxent. Los resultados del modelado mostraron que el hábitat más adecuado para la persistencia de ocho especies se defi nió por el índice normalizado diferencial de vegetación en los meses secos del año, la materia orgánica del suelo, la altitud y el aspecto, las cuales en conjunto explicaron entre el 73 y el 91 % de la variación en su distribución. Otros factores como la precipitación total anual y la isotermalidad determinaron la distribución de P. crassifolia y de P. glabra, respectivamente. El índice normalizado diferencial de la vegetación y las propiedades de los suelos, son predictores determinantes en la distribución potencial de las especies de la sección Angulatae. Palabras clave: máxima entropía, predictores ambientales, sección Angulatae, tomatillos. Abstract:The modeling of the distribution of synanthropic (weedy) species and the environmental factors that determine their distribution is not well studied. Physalis has 90 species distributed in the Americas, and several in the Old World. Mexico harbors about 70 species and approximately 35 are endemic. The section Angulatae includes 10 species, all synanthropic to some degree. The species tended to concentrate in the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre del Sur, and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. The aim of this work was to model and identify the environmental variables that determine the potential distribution of the ten species of Physalis sect. Angulatae. A total of 524 records that had been verifi ed by the taxonomic experts of the group and 20 environmental variables were used; 12 were climatic, and the other eight were novel and of different types: three soil properties, two normalized differential vegetation indexes and three topographic attributes. The models were obtained with the Maxent algorithm. The results of the modelling showed that the most suitable habitat for the persistence of eight species was delimited by the normalized differential vegetation index during the dry months of the year, the soil organic matter, the elev...

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An assessment of methods to combine evolutionary history and conservation: A case study in the Brazilian campo rupestre

Pizzardo,

Nic Lughadha,

Rando

et al. 2024

Appl Plant Sci

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PremiseConservation policies typically focus on biodiversity hotspots. An alternative approach involves analyzing the evolutionary history of lineages in geographic areas along with their threat levels to guide conservation efforts. Mountains exhibit high levels of plant species richness and micro‐endemism, and biogeographic studies commonly point to recent and rapid evolutionary radiations in these areas. Using a nearly endemic clade of legumes, our study evaluates conservation prioritization approaches in the campo rupestre, a Neotropical ecosystem associated with mountaintops that is located between two biodiversity hotspots.MethodsWe compared the EDGE and EDGE2 metrics, which combine the evolutionary distinctiveness and the extinction risk of a species in a single value. These metrics are compared with traditional metrics used to assess conservation priority, such as phylogenetic diversity.ResultsThe EDGE values reported are lower than those of other studies using this metric, mostly due to the prevalence of threatened species with short phylogenetic branch lengths (low values of evolutionary distinctiveness). Certain areas of campo rupestre with relatively high phylogenetic diversity and EDGE values do not correspond to areas with high species richness, agreeing with previous studies on biodiversity hotspots.DiscussionOur study highlights the necessity of conservation of the campo rupestres as well as advantages and disadvantages of using EDGE, EDGE2, and phylogenetic diversity for appropriate selection of conservation areas with rapid evolutionary radiations. The selection of the metrics will depend primarily on the life history of the focus group and the data availability, as well as the conservation approach.

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Niches and Geographic Distributions

Cited by 989 publications

References 0 publications

Invasive plants have broader physiological niches

Invasive plants have broader physiological niches

Modelado de los factores ambientales que determinan la distribución de especies sinantrópicas de <em>Physalis</em>

An assessment of methods to combine evolutionary history and conservation: A case study in the Brazilian campo rupestre

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