Nickel release from new conventional stainless steel, recycled, and nickel-free orthodontic brackets: An in vitro study

Sfondrini, Maria Francesca; Cacciafesta, Vittorio; Maffia, Elena; Scribante, Andrea; Alberti, Giancarla; Biesuz, Raffaela; Klersy, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.07.021

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this study, the eluted metal ions in artificial saliva did not show clear patterns of persistent increase or decrease over time, but CC products showed the largest amount of Ni elution. The release of Ni seems to be more closely related to the structure and manufacturing methods of brackets rather than to the concentration of Ni in the brackets, considering that all the products contained Ni to varyingregardless of its concentrations 27,29. Small amounts of Cr were eluted from most of the products initially, and the volume decreased or increased over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, CC products appeared to have a significantly larger total elution volume possibly due to excessive elution of Ni. Metallic corrosion is influenced by various factors such as intraoral pH,20,27 temperature,28 internal stress, friction of brackets and wires due to constant movements,29 dental plaque and its secondary products, and oral flora 25. However, in this study, metal ion release was analyzed in artificial saliva for only 28 days, without accounting for such influential factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, Ni was detected in the 6.4 - 11.9 wt% range. Ni in stainless steel alloys is thought to improve processing and increase ductility of products, but eluted Ni ions cause allergic reactions in vivo 10,26,27. Ni ions are highly related to the corrosion resistance of metals; however, metal ions are not easily eluted in vitro when brackets have a high level of solid solubility or dense oxide film on the surface 28.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitrophysical, chemical, and biological evaluation of commercially available metal orthodontic brackets

2012

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ObjectiveThis in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological properties of commercially available metal orthodontic brackets in South Korea, because national standards for these products are lacking.MethodsFour bracket brands were tested for dimensional accuracy, (manufacturing errors in angulation and torque), cytotoxicity, composition, elution, and corrosion: Archist (Daeseung Medical), Victory (3M Unitek), Kosaka (Tomy), and Confidence (Shinye Odontology Materials).ResultsThe tested rackets showed no significant differences in manufacturing errors in angulation, but Confidence brackets showed a significant difference in manufacturing errors in torque. None of the brackets were cytotoxic to mouse fibroblasts. The metal ion components did not show a regular increasing or decreasing trend of elution over time, but the volume of the total eluted metal ions increased: Archist brackets had the maximal Cr elution and Confidence brackets appeared to have the largest volume of total eluted metal ions because of excessive Ni elution. Confidence brackets showed the lowest corrosion resistance during potentiodynamic polarization.ConclusionsThe results of this study could potentially be applied in establishing national standards for metal orthodontic brackets and in evaluating commercially available products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitrophysical, chemical, and biological evaluation of commercially available metal orthodontic brackets

2012

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“…(4) According to Sfondrini, et al, the release of nickel from brackets occurred after 24 hours of exposure time and tended to increase until the end of their study, which was 120 hours. (6) According to research done by Park and Shearer, an average release of 40 µg Nickel was released from a simulated full mouth fixed appliances. (7) The correlation between the amount of metal ions released from fixed orthodontic appliances and their systemic effect to human body has not yet been well addresed.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Release of Total Metal Ion and Genotoxicity of Stainless Steel Brackets: Experimental Study Using Micronucleus Assay

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND: Stainless steel brackets are composed of various metal that may corrode in oral cavity. Corrosion is caused by the release of metal ions such as chromium, nickel, and iron. The release of metal ions can cause adverse effects such as toxicity, allergic, and mutagenicity. To evaluate the biocompatibility of stainless steel brackets, micronucleus assay as one of genotoxicity assay is used in this study. To determine the differences and the correlation of metal ions release and genotoxic activity among three brand stainless steel brackets. METHODS:Three brands of brackets were immersed in artificial saliva for 672 hours and the release of ion chromium, nikel and iron were examined. The cytokynesis block micronucleus assay (CBMN) using lymphocytes was performed as well. Abstract RESULTS:The highest metal releasing were nickel, cromium, iron, respectively (30.5, 27.2, 23.4 ppb). There was a significant differences between total nickel and iron ion release among three brand brackets (p=0.04, p=0.02). Genotoxicity of metal ion released was correlated with durration of immersion brackets (p=0.01). Genotoxicity was significant correlated with the release of chromium (p=0.03) and nickel (p=0.01). CONCLUSION:Genotoxicity of stainless steel brackets was influenced by duration of immersion but not influenced by brand brackets. KEYWORDS: genotoxicity, stainless steel brackets, metal ion Indones Biomed J. 2016; 8(2): 97-102Fixed orthodontic appliances are commonly made of metal and alloys, which composed of various metals substances. Orthodontic bracket is the main elements of the fixed appliance orthodontic which delivers the activated force from the wire to the teeth.(1) Alloy brackets can be made of stainless steel, nickel-free stainless steel, and nickeltitanium. (2) Stainless steel brackets have certain limitation as it is prone to corrode thus releases metal ions.(3) Corrosion on stainless steel bracket will reduce its aesthetic and strength. From the stand point of biocompatibility, corrosion of metals can cause adverse biologic effect.(4) Exposure to metal ions will lead to accumulation of these ions on the soft tissue and cause toxicity.(5) Some of the metal ions, such as nickel and chromium, were found abundant in stainless steel brackets and were classified as chemical carcinogens. (4) Some factors such as saliva and time expossure can influence corrosion in the oral cavity. The longer these metal exposed to corrosive environment, the more metal ions were released. The length of exposure time to metal ions in the body has been known to limit the ability of cells

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“…11 Diğer bir çalışmada ise, paslanmaz çelik tellerin biyouyumluluğunun en yüksek, nikel-titanyum tellerin ise en düşük olduğu bulunmuş; ancak tüm ark tellerinin oksidatif stres kaynağı olduğu belirtilmiştir. 9 Klinikte ortodontist, paslanmaz çelik telde loop, heliks veya ark bükümleri gibi manipülasyonlar yaptı-ğında, materyaldeki internal stres çok yüksek seviyelere ulaşır ve stres giderici ısıl işlem gerektirir. İşlem, en iyi şekilde düşük sıcaklıkta uzun zamanda yapıl-malıdır.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ortodonti̇de Kullanilan Malzemeleri̇n Si̇totoksi̇si̇tesi̇ni̇n Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

Karakaş¹,

Esenlik²

2015

Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi

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ÖZETHastaların güvenli tedavisini sağlamak için, dental materyallerin sitotoksisitesini tanımlamak çok önemlidir. Sitotoksisite, çeşitli makromoleküllerin sentezlenmesinin engellenmesi sonucu hücrenin fonksiyonlarında ve yapısında hasar meydana gelmesidir. Sitotoksisite mekanizmaları; oksidatif stres ve korozyon odaklıdır. Oksidatif stres mekanizması serbest radikal üretimi ve DNA hasarı sonucu mutasyonlar ile, korozyon ise metal iyon salınımı ile etki göstermektedir. Ortodontide en sık kullanılan materyaller; ark telleri, braketler, rezin adezivler ve bonding ajanlar, mini implantlar, akrilik rezinler, elastomerik maddeler, cam iyonomer simanlar, lehim alaşımlar, magnetler ve invisalign apareylerdir. Bu materyallerin biyo-uyumlulukları metal kompozisyonuna, ısıl işlem görüp görmediğine, üretim yöntemine veya polimerizasyon derecesine bağlıdır. Bu nedenle ortodontik malzemeler sitotoksisite ve iyon salınımı açısından iyi değerlendirilmeli ve sitotoksik özellikleri azaltmak için bazı önlemler alınmalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ortodontik materyal, biyouyumluluk, sitotoksisite GİRİŞGelişen teknoloji ile birlikte ortodontik malzemelerin çeşitliliği de artmış ve alternatif birçok sistem geliştirilmiştir. Bu sistemlerin kullanımında hastaların güvenli tedavisini sağlamak için, dental materyallerin biyo-uyumluğunu ve olası sitotoksisitesini tanımlamak çok önemlidir. Sitotoksisite, moleküler olaylar sonucu çeşitli makromoleküllerin sentezlenmesinin engellen- ABSTRACTThe defining the cytotoxicity of dental materials is of great important to ensure the safe treatment of patients. Cytotoxicity is defined as damaging the cell structure and function as a result of inhibition of the synthesis of various macromolecules. Cytotoxicity mechanisms are focused on oxidative stress and corrosion. Mechanisms of oxidative stress show effects as mutations resulted from free radicals production and DNA damage; mechanism of corrosion exhibits metal ion release as well. The most common materials used in orthodontics are; arch wires, brackets, adhesives and resin bonding agents, mini implants, acrylic resins, elastomeric materials, glass ionomer cements, solder alloys, magnets and Invisalign appliances. Biocompatibility of these materials depends on the metal composition,whether they are exposed to heat process, production method of them or the degree of polimerization of it. Therefore orthodontic materials should be considered in terms of cytotoxicity and ion release and certain measures should be taken for decreasing cytotoxic properties. Key-words: Orthodontic materials, bio-compatibility, cytotoxicity. mesi ve buna bağlı olarak hücrenin fonksiyonlarında ve yapısında belirgin hasarlar meydana gelmesi olarak tanımlanır.1 Sitotoksisite mekanizmaları daha çok 1) oksidatif stres ve 2) korozyon üzerinde odaklanmaktadır. Oksidatif stres mekanizması serbest radikal üretimi ve DNA hasarı sonucu mutasyonlar ile, korozyon ise metal iyon salınımı ile etki göstermektedir.

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Nickel release from new conventional stainless steel, recycled, and nickel-free orthodontic brackets: An in vitro study

Cited by 48 publications

References 23 publications

In vitrophysical, chemical, and biological evaluation of commercially available metal orthodontic brackets

In vitrophysical, chemical, and biological evaluation of commercially available metal orthodontic brackets

The Release of Total Metal Ion and Genotoxicity of Stainless Steel Brackets: Experimental Study Using Micronucleus Assay

Ortodonti̇de Kullanilan Malzemeleri̇n Si̇totoksi̇si̇tesi̇ni̇n Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

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