Nicotine Content and Delivery Across Tobacco Products

Djordjevic, Mirjana V.; Doran, Kelly

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69248-5_3

Cited by 75 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…First, little is known about the health risks of RYO tobacco use relative to FM cigarettes. Standard machine-determined yields of RYO cigarettes suggest that RYO smokers may be exposed to higher levels of smoke constituents per cigarette compared with smokers of FM cigarettes (Darrall & Figgins, 1998;Djordjevic, 2004;Dymond, 1996;Kaiserman & Rickert, 1992). However, given that estimates of exposure were made using variants of standardized puffing regimes that do not accurately reflect human exposures (Hammond et al, 2007), the possible adverse health effects remain pure speculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of roll-your-own smoking in Thailand and Malaysia: Findings of the ITC-South East Asia Survey

Young

Yong

Borland

et al. 2008

CNTR

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Roll-your-own (RYO) cigarette use has been subject to relatively limited research, particularly in developing countries. This paper seeks to describe RYO use in Thailand and Malaysia and relate RYO use to smokers' knowledge of the harmfulness of tobacco. Data come from face-to-face surveys with 4,004 adult smokers from Malaysia (N = 2,004) and Thailand (N = 2000), collected between January and March 2005. The prevalence of any use of RYO cigarettes varied greatly between Malaysia (17%) and Thailand (58%). In both countries, any RYO use was associated with living in rural areas, older average age, lower level of education, male gender, not being in paid work, slightly lower consumption of cigarettes, higher social acceptability of smoking, and positive attitudes toward tobacco regulation. Among RYO users, exclusive use of RYO cigarettes (compared with mixed use) was associated with older age, female gender (relatively), thinking about the enjoyment of smoking, and not making a special effort to buy cheaper cigarettes if the price goes up. Finally, exclusive RYO smokers were less aware of health warnings (RYO tobacco carries no health warnings), but even so, knowledge of the health effects of tobacco was equivalent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of roll-your-own smoking in Thailand and Malaysia: Findings of the ITC-South East Asia Survey

Young

Yong

Borland

et al. 2008

CNTR

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“…Other minor alkaloids include nornicotine, anatabine, and anabasine. 14 The amount of total and free (unprotonated, base) nicotine varies substantially among ST products (Table 2). Nicotine concentration is determined by manufacturing/blending strategies, types of tobacco (eg, Maryland versus Turkish), product design features (dry versus moist), and the type and amount of additives.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of St Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Smokeless Tobacco Products on Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Treatment

Benowitz²,

et al. 2010

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on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing V arious forms of smokeless tobacco (ST) products (snuff, chewing tobacco) are used by individuals of all ages. Over the past several years, US tobacco companies have expanded marketing and promotion of ST products. A major aim of this statement is to review and summarize the scientific evidence regarding ST product use and the potential cardiovascular risks associated with ST product use that can be used to inform policy related to tobacco control and strategies related to tobacco harm reduction. A specific policy question is whether ST products should be recommended to smokers instead of cigarettes to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with smoking and/or as an approach to enhance smoking cessation. Although evidence is consistent with the suggestion that the cardiovascular risks are lower with ST products compared with cigarette smoking, ST products are not without harm. As reviewed in this statement, there is evidence that long-term ST product use may be associated with a modest risk of fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and fatal stroke, suggesting that ST product use may complicate or reduce the chance for survival after a MI or stroke. In addition, there is inadequate evidence to support the use of ST products as a smoking cessation strategy. Based on the findings reviewed in this statement, clinicians should continue to discourage use of all tobacco products and emphasize prevention of smoking initiation and smoking cessation as primary goals for tobacco control.In the United States, various forms of ST products (snuff, chewing tobacco) are used by individuals of all ages, including adolescents and young adults.

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“…The lowest content was found in T66, which had less than 60% of the total alkaloids content found in NC297. From a random examination of 152 cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum, Djordjevic and Doran (2009) found a range of alkaloid contents between 1.7 and 49.3 mg/g. Our results showed that the total alkaloids content in N. tabacum was obviously higher than that in N. tomentosiformis (Table 2).…”

Section: Alkaloid Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, each step in the processing of tobacco leaves that affects plant metabolism may result in changes in the alkaloid content to a certain degree (Djordjevic and Doran, 2009). Djordjevic et al (1989) found that the contents of nicotine, nornicotine, anatabine, and anabasine increased in NC95 from harvesting through curing.…”

Section: Alkaloid Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in alkaloid accumulation in leaves of Nicotiana

Sun

Zhang

Guang-hong

et al. 2013

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Alkaloids are plant secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in Nicotiana species and contribute greatly to the quality of tobacco leaves. Some alkaloids, such as nornicotine and myosmine, have adverse effects on human health. To reduce the content of harmful alkaloids in tobacco leaves through conventional breeding, a genetic study of the alkaloid variation among different genotypes is required. In this study, alkaloid profiles in leaves of five Nicotiana tabacum cultivars and Nicotiana tomentosiformis were investigated. Six alkaloids were identified from all six genotypes via gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Significant differences in alkaloid content were observed both among different leaf positions and among cultivars. The contents of nornicotine and myosmine were positively and significantly correlated (R 2 =0.881), and were also separated from those of other alkaloids by clustering. Thus, the genotype plays a major role in alkaloid accumulation, indicating a high potential for manipulation of alkaloid content through traditional breeding.

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Nicotine Content and Delivery Across Tobacco Products

Cited by 75 publications

References 60 publications

Prevalence and correlates of roll-your-own smoking in Thailand and Malaysia: Findings of the ITC-South East Asia Survey

Prevalence and correlates of roll-your-own smoking in Thailand and Malaysia: Findings of the ITC-South East Asia Survey

Impact of Smokeless Tobacco Products on Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Treatment

Genetic variation in alkaloid accumulation in leaves of Nicotiana

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