Nidogen 1 and 2 gene promoters are aberrantly methylated in human gastrointestinal cancer

Abstract

Background: Nidogens are highly conserved proteins of basement membranes. Two nidogen proteins, nidogen 1 and nidogen 2, are known in mammals.

Nidogen-1 is a novel extracellular ligand for the NKp44 activating receptor

“…On the other hand, loss of NID1 expression was frequently detected in human gastrointestinal tumor samples. 65 In this case it was proposed that the loss of NID1 could favor tumor invasion and metastasis by destabilizing the structure of BM and loosening the cell-BM interactions. It should be considered, however, that several reports described a pro-tumoral and pro-metastatic role for NID1.…”

Androgen-Induced TMPRSS2 Activates Matriptase and Promotes Extracellular Matrix Degradation, Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion, Tumor Growth, and Metastasis

“…Our results indicate that upregulation of TMPRSS2 can directly activate matriptase and degrade ECM components nidogen-1 and laminin b1, leading to prostate cancer progression. Nidogen-1 functions as a key component for basement membrane assembly by connecting laminin and collagen networks and integrating other ECM components (45), and decreased expression of nidogen-1 can weaken the strength of the basement membrane and the interaction between cancer cells and the ECM, leading to the promotion of cancer cell invasion and metastasis (46). Moreover, matriptase activation has been shown to alter the microenvironment by degradation of fibronectin and laminin (47), or by activation of pro-HGF, PAR-2, uPA, and MMP-1/-3 (10), all contributing to tumor growth and metastasis.…”

Extracellular Matrix Molecules: Potential Targets in Pharmacotherapy

“…Involved in cell adhesion, migration and growth (Chiquet-Ehrismann and Chiquet, 2003), wound healing, and neovascularization (Hsia and Schwarzbauer, 2005;Trebaul et al, 2007) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (Burch et al, 1997;Mao and Bristow, 2001) Fibrotic diseases, inflammation, tumorigenesis (Chiquet-Ehrismann and Chiquet, 2003) Thrombospondins (1-5) Involved in cell migration (Yabkowitz et al, 1993), platelet aggregation, inflammatory response, and wound healing (Adams and Lawler, 2004) Thrombospondin-5; pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (Posey et al, 2008) Tumor progression (Lawler and Detmar, 2004;Kazerounian et al, 2008); atherosclerosis (Roth et al, 1998;Takahashi et al, 2008) Nidogen/entactin (nidogen 1 and nidogen 2) Involved in cell adhesion (Yi et al, 1998;Grimpe et al, 1999), wound healing (Sephel et al, 1996) and basement membrane stabilization (Ho et al, 2008) Osteoarthritis (Kruegel et al, 2008); cancer and tumor progression (Oivula et al, 1999;Ulazzi et al, 2007;…”