Ningdong granule: a complementary and alternative therapy in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Li, Jijun; Li, Zaiwang; Wang, Shuzhen; Qi, Fanghua; Zhao, Lin; Lü, Hong; Li, Anyuan

doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2238-z

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…There was also other evidence of their pharmaceutical effects and underlying mechanisms. QZR improved tic behaviour in mouse and rat models [10,19] while ND granules were effective for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in an RCT and inhibited stereotypic behaviour in a Tourette’s syndrome rat model by modulating dopamine production and expression of the dopamine D2 receptor gene [9,20,21]. Gastrodia elata Blume is the main herb in both QZR and ND granules [14-17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal medicines for treating tic disorders: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Kim

Son

et al. 2014

Chin Med

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BackgroundIt was reported that 64% of tic disorder patients used complementary and alternative medicine. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of herbal medicines in treating tic disorders.MethodsWe searched eight databases including MEDLINE and CINAHL from their respective inceptions up to September 2013. The search terms were related to the concept of “herbal medicine” AND “tic disorder OR Tourette’s syndrome”. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any type of herbal medicines. We assessed the methodological quality of the trials according to the Cochrane risk of bias criteria.ResultsSixty one studies were identified, and four RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Two types of herbal medicines, Qufeng Zhidong Recipe (QZR) decoction and Ningdong (ND) granules, were used in the included RCTs. All four RCTs had a high risk of bias. Two RCTs tested the effects of QZR on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) score and response rate compared with conventional medicine. The meta-analysis showed significant effects of QZR on the YGTSS score with high statistical heterogeneity (n = 142; weighted mean difference: −18.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): −23.07 to −13.60; I2 = 97%) and the response rate (n = 142; risk ratio: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.06; I2 = 0%). One RCT compared ND granules with placebo and showed significant effects on the YGTSS score and response rate. The other RCT show significant effects of ND granules plus conventional medicine on the response rate compared with conventional medicine only.ConclusionThis systematic review provided first piece of limited meta-analytic evidence for the effectiveness of herbal medicines in improving the symptoms of tic disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal medicines for treating tic disorders: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Kim

Son

et al. 2014

Chin Med

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“…Ningdong granule (NDG) is a Chinese medicinal preparation that has been used for various medicinal purposes for many years now. As it showed therapeutic benefits in the treatment of Tourette syndrome [41], the effects of Ningdong were evaluated in ADHD patients. Accordingly, Li et al [41] performed a randomized, methylphenidate-controlled, doubledblinded trial, where 72 children with ADHD were given NDG (5 mg/kg/day) or methylphenidate (1 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks.…”

Section: Ningdongmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it showed therapeutic benefits in the treatment of Tourette syndrome [41], the effects of Ningdong were evaluated in ADHD patients. Accordingly, Li et al [41] performed a randomized, methylphenidate-controlled, doubledblinded trial, where 72 children with ADHD were given NDG (5 mg/kg/day) or methylphenidate (1 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Results showed that NDG has equivalent effect to methylphenidate in improving ADHD symptoms, but with lesser side effects.…”

Section: Ningdongmentioning

confidence: 99%

Updates on the Use of Natural Treatments for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Peña¹,

Botanas²,

Tampus³

et al. 2015

ADHD - New Directions in Diagnosis and Treatment

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Abstract"ttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder "DHD is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood characterized by the three core symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and sustained inattention. While the etiology of "DHD remains unknown, several studies suggest "DHD pathophysiology to involve frontal network abnormality and dysregulation of catecholaminergic and dopaminergic functions. Stimulants, which are structurally similar to endogenous catecholamines, are the most commonly prescribed drugs for treatment of "DHD, but are classified as Schedule II based on the Controlled Substances "ct due to high likelihood for diversion and abuse. Non-stimulant medications, as well as antidepressants, have also been used in "DHD treatment but have been found to be inferior to stimulant interventions and to cause intolerable side effects. The search for safer yet effective "DHD treatments led to a growing interest in natural medicines and a host of other complementary and alternative treatments for "DHD. While the use of these therapies is well documented, not much is known about their safety and efficacy. In this chapter, we describe current evidence-based complementary and alternative therapies for "DHD, focusing on nutritional and botanical agents, and provide details on the performance of these agents in clinical trials. Here, we discuss the rationale for the use of natural products for "DHD, mention the potential mechanisms of action of these treatments, and highlight safety and efficacy issues associated with the use of these treatments. In conclusion, we give an exhaustive update on the use of nutritional and botanical medicines as complementary and alternative "DHD therapies for "DHD, which

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“…As this formulation was shown to be safe and well tolerated, and it effectively improved ADHD symptoms, the authors suggested that if further studies could confirm these findings then this formula could potentially be included as an alternative therapeutic option (Katz et al, 2010). Li et al (2011) conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and possible mechanism of Ningdong granule (NDG) on children with ADHD compared to methylphenidate. Seventy-two children were randomized to either NDG or methylphenidate for 8 weeks.…”

Section: Biochemical Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-and post-intervention: blood, urine, stool samples, liver and renal function tests, and dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) concentration in sera were examined. The authors concluded that NDG was an effective and safe alternative for children with ADHD in the short term when compared to methylphenidate (Li et al, 2011).…”

Section: Biochemical Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Karpouzis¹,

Bonello

2012

Ethical Hum Psychol Psychiatry

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Increasing prevalence rates of pédiatrie and adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), concerns over the safety and efficacy of psychostimulants, and fears about long-term use of psychostimulants have led many parents to seek alternative therapies for their children. Numerous environmental factors have been suspected of influencing ADHD. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of nutrition and the potential role it has on influencing ADHD and ADHD symptomatology.This article focuses on nutrition, dietary modifications, and nutraceuticals, which are the most commonly used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies for the management of pédiatrie and adolescent ADHD. The aim is to present a narrative literature review for dietary modificatioris and nutritional supplementation for pédiatrie and adolescent ADHD.Searches were made in full-text English language articles from 2000 to February 2012 in the PubMed Central, Medline, Cochrane Library, Psych INFO, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. The review revealed a full range of research strategies, but this article concentrates on randomized controlled trials, observational studies, longitudinal studies, epidemiological studies, surveys, qualitative reviews, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The literature reveals a mixture of results in respect to dietary modifications and nutritional supplementation for children and adolescents with ADHD; however, the future of nutritional research appears promising.

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Ningdong granule: a complementary and alternative therapy in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Abstract: Compared to methylphenidate, NDG is effective and safe for ADHD children in the short term, increases the HVA concentration in sera to regulate DA metabolism, and promises to be an alternative medication, safely and effectively.

Cited by 31 publications

References 60 publications

Herbal medicines for treating tic disorders: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Herbal medicines for treating tic disorders: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Updates on the Use of Natural Treatments for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Nutritional Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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