Nitrate and nitrite absorption, recycling and retention in tissues of sheep

Villar, Maria Laura; Godwin, Ian; Hegarty, R. S.; Erler, Dirk V.; Farid, Haneih T.; Nolan, John

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106392

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Skeletal muscle, because of its large size and relatively low nitrate reductase activity by XOR, thus, may be an optimal place to store nitrate for future use if these concepts are valid. Recently, the possibility of an additional nitrate/nitrite reservoir in skin was confirmed in sheep using the 15N isotopes of nitrate and nitrite (38).…”

Section: Mammalian Nitrate Reservoir — Organ and Temporal Compartment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis

Piknová

Schechter

Park

et al. 2021

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

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Nonenzymatic nitric oxide (NO) generation via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with remarkably high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, have been described recently. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage may be critical for maintenance of NO homeostasis in healthy aging, and nitrate supplementation may be useful for the treatment of specific pathophysiologies and for enhancing normal functions.

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Section: Mammalian Nitrate Reservoir — Organ and Temporal Compartment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis

Piknová

Schechter

Park

et al. 2021

Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews

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“…Another potential issue with nitrates could be increased N excretion in urine and, consequently, increased NH 3 and N 2 O emissions from manure during storage or following soil application, although this has not yet been systematically studied. A recent report by Villar et al (2021) found 49% of the 15 N from labeled nitrate in urine 141 h after being fed to sheep, approximately 41% of which was recovered as urinary urea. This led the authors to conclude that plasma nitrate is reduced to NH 3 and partially converted to urea in the liver and excreted in urine, which suggests the possibility of increased manure N emissions when nitrates are fed to ruminants.…”

Section: A Review Of the Arndt Et Al (2021) Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Symposium review: Effective nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane in dairy cattle

Hristov

Melgar

Wasson

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Intensive research in the past decade has resulted in a better understanding of factors driving enteric methane (CH 4 ) emissions in ruminants. Meta-analyses of large databases, developed through the GLOBAL NET-WORK project, have identified successful strategies for mitigation of CH 4 emissions. Methane inhibitors, alternative electron sinks, vegetable oils and oilseeds, and tanniferous forages are among the recommended strategies for mitigating CH 4 emissions from dairy and beef cattle and small ruminants. These strategies were also effective in decreasing CH 4 emissions yield and intensity. However, a higher inclusion rate of oils may negatively affect feed intake, rumen function, and animal performance, specifically milk components in dairy cows. In the case of nitrates (electron sinks), concerns with animal health may be impeding their adoption in practice, and potential emission trade-offs have to be considered. Tannins and tanniferous forages may have a negative effect on nutrient digestibility, and more research is needed to confirm their effects on overall animal performance in long-term experiments with high-producing animals. A meta-analysis of studies with dairy cows fed the CH 4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) at the Pennsylvania State University showed (1) a consistent 28 to 32% decrease in daily CH 4 emissions or emissions yield and intensity; (2) no effect on dry matter intake, milk production, body weight, or body weight change, and a slight increase in milk fat concentration and yield (0.19 percentage units and 90 g/d, respectively); 3-NOP also appears to increase milk urea nitrogen concentration; (3) an exponential decrease in the mitigation effect of the inhibitor with increasing its dose (from 40 to 200 mg/kg of feed dry matter, corresponding to 3-NOP intake of 1 to 4.8 g/ cow per day); and (4) a potential decrease in the efficacy of 3-NOP over time, which needs to be further investigated in long-term, full-lactation or multiple-lactation studies. The red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis has a strong CH 4 mitigation effect, but studies are needed to determine its feasibility, long-term efficacy, and effects on animal production and health. We concluded that widespread adoption of mitigation strategies with proven effectiveness by the livestock industries will depend on cost, government policies and incentives, and willingness of consumers to pay a higher price for animal products with decreased carbon footprint.

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“…Nitrates were used as the model, which could be transformed to nitrosamines by intestinal flora and would be absorbed and accumulated in the body. 27 By detecting the fluorescence intensity of pMAG1 yeast in the feces of animals, the in situ generated nitrosamines could be observed (Figure 4A). The NMOR and glucose in drinking water were first detected by in vitro experiments, showing that the pMAG1@MOG could reflect the genotoxicity of nitrosamines (Figure 4B).…”

Section: Nano Letters Pubsacsorg/nanolettmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to verify the in situ nitrosamine monitoring ability of pMAG1 @MOG, an animal experiment was performed. Nitrates were used as the model, which could be transformed to nitrosamines by intestinal flora and would be absorbed and accumulated in the body . By detecting the fluorescence intensity of pMAG1 yeast in the feces of animals, the in situ generated nitrosamines could be observed (Figure A).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Metal–Organic Gel Protected Whole-Cell Biosensor for in Situ Monitoring Nitrosamines in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Wang

Ding

et al. 2022

Nano Lett.

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Nitrite, a type of food additive, has been proved convertible to genotoxic nitrosamines in the gastrointestinal tract by intestinal flora. There is no appropriate method for in situ detection of nitrosamines. Herein, plasmid-introduced Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which can respond to nitrosamine-induced DNA damage and activate pMAG1-based DNA damage repair (DDR), was designed as whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) for monitoring the in situ generated nitrosamines by a reporter gene expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). In order to protect the validity of WCBs (pMAG1 yeast) from the gastric acid environment, a type of metal−organic gel (MOG), coordinated by Fe 3+ and 2,2′-thiodiacetic acid (TDA), was prepared to embed the WCBs. The MOG(Fe-TDA) is gastric acid resistant and can deliver the pMAG1 yeast to the gut without compromising the performance of pMAG1 yeast to detect in situ generated nitrosamines. The genotoxicity of nitrosamines converted from nitrite was successfully detected in the gastrointestinal tract of mice.

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Nitrate and nitrite absorption, recycling and retention in tissues of sheep

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis

Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis

Symposium review: Effective nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane in dairy cattle

Oral Metal–Organic Gel Protected Whole-Cell Biosensor for in Situ Monitoring Nitrosamines in the Gastrointestinal Tract

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