Nitrate and potassium concentrations in cotton petiole extracts as influenced by nitrogen fertilization, sampling date and cultivar

Abstract

The effect of nitrogen fertilization levels on seed cotton yield responses of cultivars from Andalusia was studied during two consecutive years. To obtain preliminary information for improving nutrient management, the analysis of nitrate and potassium (K) was performed in petiole extracts at critical times (flowering, boll-setting, boll growth) during the growth cycle. Signif icant differences among cotton cultivars were found for petiole nitrate and K concentrations. The highest petiole nitrate and K concentrations were found in cultivar 'Crema 111' with 4,140 and 14,180 mg kg -1 respectively. These concentrations were affected by N treatment and sampling date. The relationships among petiole nutrient concentrations and seed cotton yield depended on sampling date, cultivar and year. The highest association between petiole nitrate and yield was found early in the season in 2003 (r = 0.918 and r = 0.965 for 'Crema 111' and 'Sor Angela' respectively). The analysis of petiole extracts for controlling plant nutritional status and optimize seed cotton yield requires a systematic assessment as critical values in nutrient concentration for seed cotton yield may differ depending on cultivar, soil type, sampling date and crop management. The technique of petiole analysis used in this paper might be useful for detecting genotypes with improved nutrient uptake or use efficiency.Additional key words: Gossypium hirsutum, mineral nutrition, yield. ResumenEfecto de la fertilización nitrogenada, fecha de muestreo y cultivar en la concentración peciolar de nitrato y potasio en el algodón Se ha estudiado el efecto de la respuesta de distintos niveles de fertilización nitrogenada sobre el rendimiento de algodón bruto en cultivares andaluces durante dos años consecutivos. Con el objeto de obtener información para mejorar el manejo nutricional del cultivo, se realizaron análisis de nitrato y potasio (K) en peciolos en períodos críti-cos del cultivo (floración, fructificación y desarrollo de cápsulas). Los cultivares presentaron diferencias en la concentración de nitrato y K en peciolo, alcanzándose las mayores concentraciones en 'Crema 111' (4.140 and 14.180 mg kg -1 para nitrato y K respectivamente). Los tratamientos fertilizantes y la fecha de muestreo afectaron a las concentraciones de nitrato y K en los peciolos. Las relaciones entre las concentraciones de nutrientes en el peciolo y el rendimiento de algodón bruto dependieron de la fecha de muestreo, del cultivar y del año. La relación más estrecha entre producción y concentración de nitrato se observó en 2003 y el muestreo temprano (r = 0.918 y r = 0.965 para 'Crema 111' y 'Sor Angela' respectivamente). El uso del análisis del peciolo para controlar el estado nutricional de la planta y optimizar los rendimientos requiere una evaluación sistemática para estimar valores críticos de concentración de nutrientes, ya que estos difieren dependiendo del cultivar, tipo de suelo, fecha de toma de muestra y prácticas culturales. La técnica del análisis peciolar parece útil también...

Cotton yield and lint quality responses to nitrogen rate and placement in the humid southeast

“…Our study also determined that petiole sampling during the first week of bloom can be a useful predictor of yield outcomes. The critical petiole NO 3 −N concentration of 5600 mg NO 3 −N kg −1 to reach 92% relative yield established in this study is reflective of other research investigating cotton tissue nutrition on sandy loam soils (López et al., 2010, Lutrick, Peacock, & Cornell, 1986, Mitchell & Baker, 2000). Lint yields at and beyond this critical threshold exceeded yields from older studies by 300 kg ha −1 , most likely due to the use of modern, high‐yielding varieties (Rochester & Constable, 2015).…”

“…Petiole NO 3 −N concentration measured during the first week of bloom is commonly used as an indicator of in‐season N status for cotton due to the simplicity and accuracy of petiole testing (McConnell, Baker, Miller, Frizzell, & Varvil, 1993; Zhou & Yin, 2018). This analysis can provide forewarning of N deficiencies and can even predict variation in soil N availability (Bronson, Onken, Keeling, Booker, & Torbert, 2001; López, de Castro, Gutiérrez, & Leidi, 2010). While petiole NO 3 −N concentrations frequently correlate with applied N rate, correlation with lint yield has been weak in past studies (Bronson et al., 2001; Rochester, Constable, Oosterhuis, & Errington, 2012; Wood, Tracy, Reeves, & Edmisten, 1992).…”

“…For cotton production in the southeastern United States, Mitchell and Baker (2000) claimed that the sufficiency range for proper cotton nutrition during the first week of bloom in their Georgia study was 4500 −12,500 mg NO 3 −N kg −1 . Petiole NO 3 −N concentrations have also been reported to vary widely in response to variety, soil type, sampling date, harvest year, and crop management practices (López et al., 2010; Wiedenfeld, Wallace, & Hons, 2009; Zhou & Yin, 2018). Determination of a more precise critical petiole NO 3 −N concentration correlated with yields would be a useful reference for N management practices on coarse‐textured soils in the humid southeastern United States.…”

La fertilidad del suelo afecta el crecimiento, nutrición y rendimiento de algodón cultivado en dos sistemas de riego y diferentes dosis de nitrógeno.

“…En sus experimentos, ellos encontraron concentraciones de NO 3 superiores a los 9500 mg L -1 . En este sentido López et al (2010) indican que este cultivo en particular, muestra una gran variación en los contenidos de NO 3 en el ECP. Mencionan que existe mucho efecto de la variedad utilizada y de las condiciones agroecológicas en las cuales se desarrolla el cultivo.…”

Establishment of an NPK nutrient monitor system in yield-graded cotton petioles under drip irrigation

“…The content of NO 3 − –N, PO 4 3− –P, and K + –K in cotton petiole correlates with yield. Studies have shown that the content of NO 3 − –N in petiole was significantly correlated with the cotton yield at bud stage, early flowering stage, full flowering stage and boll stage, which could be a sensitive indicator of N nutrition status in cotton [ 14 , 15 ]. Wang et al [ 16 ] conducted a study on the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer dosages on NO 3 − –N concentration in the last four leaf petioles of cotton using a reflectometer to diagnose nitrogen nutrition indicators and recommend top dressing.…”