Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media

Tindall, James A.; Petrusak, Robin; McMahon, Peter B.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)02666-y

Cited by 73 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Tableau 2 : Valeurs moyennes annuelles des paramètres physico-chimiques de l'eau des quinze puits Variables (Tindall et al, 1995). Six puits présentent des valeurs en nitrates hors normes (Tableau 2).…”

Section: Résultats Et Discussionunclassified

Caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l’eau des puits dans la commune de Pobè (Bénin, Afrique de l’ouest)

Lagnika¹,

Ibikounlé²,

Montcho³

et al. 2014

J. App. Bioscience.

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RÉSUMÉObjectif : L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer la qualité de l'eau des puits à partir de ses caractéristiques physico-chimiques dans la commune de Pobè. Méthodologie et résultats : L'étude entreprise entre juin 2012 et mars 2013 a permis de mesurer au niveau de quinze puits les paramètres physiques tels que le pH, la conductivité électrique (CE) et la température (T) de l'eau ainsi que les paramètres chimiques suivants : bicarbonates (HCO3 -), chlorures (Cl -), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnésium (Mg 2+ ), titre hydrotimétrique ou dureté totale (TH), ammonium (NH4 + ), nitrates (NO3 -), nitrites (NO2 -), sulfates (SO4 2-), phosphates (PO4 3-) et fluorures (F -). Les valeurs moyennes annuelles sont comparées aux normes relatives à la qualité de l'eau de boisson. L'analyse statistique multivariée dont l'Analyse en Composantes Principales (ACP) et la Classification Hiérarchique Ascendante (CHA) a été également appliquée à l'ensemble des paramètres mesurés. L'eau des puits est légèrement acide avec un pH moyen de 5,83 ± 0,6. Elle est faiblement minéralisée et légèrement dure avec une conductivité moyenne de 236,62 ± 135,54 µS/cm et une dureté totale moyenne de 107,8 ± 40,63 mg/L. La pollution azotée est un indicateur majeur de la qualité de l'eau des puits étudiés. Cette pollution se traduit par des taux élevés en nitrates et en ammonium dans plus de 50 % des puits. Une forte corrélation est signalée entre la conductivité électrique et les paramètres suivants : pH, NO3 -, NO2 -, SO4 2-, TH, Cl -, HCO3 -et Ca 2+ . La typologie est principalement gouvernée par cette conductivité qui permet de classifier les puits selon leur qualité physico-chimique. Conclusion et applications : L'eau des puits est soumise à une pollution organique dans la commune de Pobè. Cette pollution d'origine anthropique serait liée à l'infiltration des eaux usées et des engrais chimiques. Les fortes teneurs en nitrates et en ammonium montrent que cette eau est chimiquement non appropriée à la consommation humaine et nécessite dans la majorité des puits un traitement préalable. Mots clés : Physico-chimie, eau de puits, pollution, analyses multivariées, Pobè. Physicochemical characteristics of well water in Pobè municipality, Benin, West Africa ABSTRACT Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of well water for its physical and chemical characteristics in the municipality of Pobè. Methodology and Results: The study conducted from June 2012 to March 2013 measured in fifteen wells the level of physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity and water temperature as well as the following chemical parameters: bicarbonate (HCO3 -), chloride (Cl -), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), total hardness (TH), ammonium (NH4 + ), nitrate (NO3 -), nitrite (NO2 -), sulphate (SO4 2-), phosphate (PO4 3-) and fluoride (F -). The annual mean values are compared to standards for drinking water quality. Statistical multivariate analysis including Principal Component Analysis and hierarchical clustering was also applied to all measured ...

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Section: Résultats Et Discussionunclassified

Caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l’eau des puits dans la commune de Pobè (Bénin, Afrique de l’ouest)

Lagnika¹,

Ibikounlé²,

Montcho³

et al. 2014

J. App. Bioscience.

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“…A major assumption of studies using N isotopes in nitrate source identification has been that denitrification does not alter the nitrate-N source signatures. This is an assumption that is arguable as denitrification may occur on anoxic microsites in soils (Tindall et al, 1995), or in perched waters seeping into groundwater systems (Townsend et al, 1993). It has also been demonstrated that denitrification during stream transport may alter NO 3 − concentrations and δ 15 N signatures during isolated low flow periods (Kellman and Hillaire-Marcel, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate contamination sources in an agricultural watershed

Kellman

Hillaire‐Marcel

2003

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

122

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Determining the relative contributions of nitrate contamination in agricultural watersheds characterized by applications of both mineral and animal waste nitrogen to fields is important in evaluating the environmental consequences of these practices. Here, the use of nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 − -N) stable isotopes to identify contaminant sources was examined in surface waters of an agricultural watershed to investigate whether NO 3 − -δ 15 N fractionation processes obscure source signatures. This study was conducted in a 500 ha headwater agricultural watershed within the St. Lawrence lowlands where fertilization with mineral N and hog manure is a common practice. Sampling within the watershed was designed to monitor NO 3 − concentrations and δ 15 N temporal trends at a series of locations that allowed evaluation of water flowing in watershed streams and entering these streams via different hydrological pathways. This required analysis of stream water, tile drain water, and streamside water transported through the soil matrix. These data demonstrated that NO 3 − -δ 15 N values often exceeded the maximum δ 15 N source of approximately +12.5‰ that was associated with hog manure in the watershed. The δ 15 N values and NO 3 − concentrations during such periods were consistent with a pattern of denitrification between precipitation events within the watershed, with values repeatedly exceeding +15‰ in tile drain and stream samples during extended periods with little rainfall. Tile drain NO 3 − concentrations were consistently elevated (4-38 mg l −1 N) relative to streamside soil and shallow groundwater exiting the same field (0.013-0.812 mg l −1 N). These data suggest that NO 3 − -N stable isotopes cannot be used as contaminant source indicators in the surface waters of this watershed between precipitation events, and that further evaluation of their use during storm events is required.

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“…Nitrogen is originally fixed from the atmosphere and then mineralized by bacteria to ammonium. In aerobic conditions, nitrogen is converted to nitrate by nitrifying bacteria (Tindall et al 1995). 75 and 83.3 % of the groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) had nitrate concentrations within the most desirable limit (\45 mg/l).…”

Section: Drinking Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemistry of surface water and groundwater in the shale bedrock, Cross River Basin and Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

et al. 2015

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Water chemistry in the shale bedrock of the Cretaceous-Tertiary of the Cross River and Niger Delta hydrological basins has been investigated using major ions. To carry out a characterization of the water bearing units, 30 and 16 representatives surface and groundwater samples were collected. The evolution of the water is characterized by enhanced content of sodium, calcium and sulphate as a result of leaching of shale rock. The spatial changes in groundwater quality of the area shows an anomalous concentrations of ions in the central parts, while lower values characterize the eastern part of the basin covering Ogoja, Ikom and Odukpani areas. The values of total dissolved solids (TDS) and ions increases down gradient in the direction of groundwater flow. The dissolution of halite and gypsum explains part of the contained Na ? , Ca 2? , Cl -and SO 4 2-, but other processes such as ion exchange, silicate weathering and pyrite oxidation also contribute to water composition. The assessment with contamination indicators such as TDS, hardness, chloride, nitrate and sulphate indicates that the water in area is suitable for human consumption in some locations. Modelling using MINTEQA2 program shows that the water from all the shale water bearing units are under saturated with respect to gypsum.

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Nitrate transport and transformation processes in unsaturated porous media

Cited by 73 publications

References 28 publications

Caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l’eau des puits dans la commune de Pobè (Bénin, Afrique de l’ouest)

Caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l’eau des puits dans la commune de Pobè (Bénin, Afrique de l’ouest)

Evaluation of nitrogen isotopes as indicators of nitrate contamination sources in an agricultural watershed

Hydrochemistry of surface water and groundwater in the shale bedrock, Cross River Basin and Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

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