Nitric oxide donor andrographolide enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune responses

Abstract

The present study was aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of Nitric oxide donor andrographolide (Q-1) on cellular immunity in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients with chronic hepatitis B. Cell viability was assessed using 3"‘(4,5"‘dimethyl"‘thiazol"‘2"‘yl)"‘2,5"‘diphenyl"‘2H"‘tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TFN-α) in PBMCs of patients with chronic hepatitis B were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Anti-HBV effect of isolated HBV DNA was also assessed in vitro. Q-1 had no significant effect on the viability of Vero and isolated PBMCs (p > 0.05). The expression of IFN-γ in PBMCs of control patients significantly and time-dependently increased after treatment with Q-1, but the expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 in PBMCs of patients with chronic hepatitis B were decreased significantly and time-dependently (p < 0.05). The function of Th1 cells was significantly enhanced by Q-1 treatment (p < 0.05). The mean replication of HBV DNA in HepG2cells at the three concentrations of Q-1 and adefovir were 3.96 í— 106, 4.13 í— 106 and 4.53 í— 106 copies/mL, respectively. There was no significant difference in the expression of HBV DNA among the concentration levels. These results indicate that andrographolide enhances the function of HBV-specific T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Andrographolide: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches

“…As an extremely interesting multitarget diterpenoid lactones, in recent years, andrographolide has attracted considerable number of interests in the medicinal chemistry society with its potential multiple pharmacological activities such as antiinflammatory (Ding et al, 2017), antioxidant (Mussard et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2020), anticancer (Farooqi et al, 2020; Sato et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2017), antimicrobial (Gupta, Mishra, & Ganju, 2017; Panraksa, Ramphan, Khongwichit, & Smith, 2017; Shi et al, 2020; Srivastava, Garg, Srivastava, & Seth, 2021), antihyperglycemic (Su et al, 2020) and regulating blood lipid (Lin et al, 2018), immunoregulation (Zhang, Yang, Du, & Guo, 2020), improving memory impairment (Das, Mishra, Ganju, & Singh, 2017), as well as mitigating cartilage damage (Chen, Luo, & Chen, 2020) and so on (Figure 2). In view of the increasing awareness of the side effects of chemotherapy drugs, this medicinal ingredient may serve as one of the backbones for the treatment of related diseases in the future.…”

Inflammation, Nitro-Oxidative Stress, Impaired Autophagy, and Insulin Resistance as a Mechanistic Convergence Between Arterial Stiffness and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Although being the smallest gaseous signaling molecule, NO is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in a myriad of tissues and molecular pathways ( Balaiya and Chalam, 2014 ) and embodies a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, though it is a double-edged sword ( Sharma et al, 2007 ). In normal physiological conditions, NO exerts an anti-inflammatory function ( Sarkate et al, 2017 ; Sherikar et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2020a ) while NO is also considered a pro-inflammatory mediator in pathological conditions, such as arterial stiffness ( Sindler et al, 2011 ; Isabelle et al, 2012 ; Aroor et al, 2018 ; Chiba et al, 2019 ) and AD ( Cifuentes et al, 2017 ; Tang et al, 2019 ; Austin and Katusic, 2020 ; Dubey et al, 2020 ; Stefano et al, 2020 ) mainly due to its contribution in nitro-oxidative stress ( Pérez-Torres et al, 2020 ; Figure 4 ).…”

Advances in ameliorating inflammatory diseases and cancers by andrographolide: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and perspective

“…62 Another study showed that nitric oxide donor andrographolide (Q-1) significantly enhanced the function of Th1 cells. 63 New delivery systems for andrographolide also show good results in tumor treatment. 64 Andrographolideloaded nanocochleates made with CaCl 2 (ANDNCs) showed anticancer potential in MCF-7 cells.…”

“…Nitric oxide (NO) is important in various biological systems 62 . Another study showed that nitric oxide donor andrographolide (Q‐1) significantly enhanced the function of Th1 cells 63 . New delivery systems for andrographolide also show good results in tumor treatment 64 .…”