Nitric Oxide in Seed Dormancy and Germination

Bethke, Paul C.; Libourel, Igor G. L.; Jones, Russell L.

doi:10.1002/9780470988848.ch7

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…We have observed that the effects of nitrate at 5 and 10 mM have not been added by 100 lM GA 3 , showing that the role of nitrate may be replaced by GA in decreasing the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination. Bethke et al (2007) suggested that Arabidopsis aleurone cells responded to NO, GA, and ABA, with NO being upstream of GA in a signaling pathway that leads to vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles.…”

Section: Nitrate Decreases the Thermoinhibition Of Lettuce Seed Germimentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It has been proposed that nitric oxide (NO) promotes the germination of seeds, either by reducing seed dormancy or by minimizing the effects of environmental conditions that inhibit germination (Bethke et al 2007). Nitrate and nitrite can reduce the dormancy of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds (Bethke et al 2004(Bethke et al , 2006a, nitrite and gases evolved from acidified nitrite could significantly release the relative dormancy of Amaranthus retroflexus seeds (Liu et al 2011), but there is a contrary report from Beligni and Lamattina (2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrate, abscisic acid and gibberellin interactions on the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination

et al. 2011

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Germination of lettuce seeds has obvious thermoinhibition, but the mechanism for thermoinhibition of seed germination is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the interactions of nitrate, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin on seed germination at high temperatures to understand further the mechanism for thermoinhibition of seed germination. Our results showed that lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. 'Jianye Xianfeng No. 1') seeds exhibited notable thermoinhibiton of germination at C17°C in darkness, and at C23°C in light, but the thermoinhibited seeds did not exhibit secondary dormancy. Thermoinhibition of seed germination at 23 or 25°C in light was notably decreased by 5 and 10 mM nitrate, and the stimulatory effects were markedly prevented by nitric oxide (NO) scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. The sensitivity of seed germination to exogenous ABA increased with increasing temperature. Thermoinhibition of seed germination was markedly decreased by fluridone (an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis) and GA 3 , and was increased by diniconazole (an inhibitor of the ABA-catabolizing enzyme ABA 8 0 -hydroxylase) and paclobutrazol (an inhibitor of GA biosynthetic pathway). The effect of fluridone in decreasing thermoinhibition of seed germination was obviously antagonized by paclobutrazol, and that of GA 3 was notably added to by fluridone, and that of nitrate was antagonized by paclobutrazol, diniconazole and ABA and was added to by GA 3 and fluridone. Our data show that thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination is decreased by nitrate in a NO-dependent manner, which is antagonized by ABA, diniconazole and paclobutrazol and added by fluridone.

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Section: Nitrate Decreases the Thermoinhibition Of Lettuce Seed Germimentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate, abscisic acid and gibberellin interactions on the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination

et al. 2011

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“…Physiological dormancy may also be alleviated, or bypassed, via the action of naturally occurring exogenous compounds in the environment including: (i) karrikins (Flematti et al, 2004;Long et al, 2011c) and glyceronitrile (Flematti et al, 2011) from smoke and ash; (ii) nitrates (Chauhan, Gill & Preston, 2006;Finch-Savage et al, 2007;Footitt et al, 2013) from decomposing biological materials and synthetic fertilisers; (iii) nitric oxide, derived from the in vivo conversion of organic and inorganic nitrates (Bethke, Libourel & Jones, 2007;Sirova et al, 2011); and (iv) ethylene (Matilla & Matilla-Vazquez, 2008;Lin, Zhong & Grierson, 2009).…”

Section: (A) Conditions That Alleviate Dormancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecophysiology of seed persistence: a mechanistic view of the journey to germination or demise

et al. 2014

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Seed persistence is the survival of seeds in the environment once they have reached maturity. Seed persistence allows a species, population or genotype to survive long after the death of parent plants, thus distributing genetic diversity through time. The ability to predict seed persistence accurately is critical to inform long-term weed management and flora rehabilitation programs, as well as to allow a greater understanding of plant community dynamics. Indeed, each of the 420000 seed-bearing plant species has a unique set of seed characteristics that determine its propensity to develop a persistent soil seed bank. The duration of seed persistence varies among species and populations, and depends on the physical and physiological characteristics of seeds and how they are affected by the biotic and abiotic environment. An integrated understanding of the ecophysiological mechanisms of seed persistence is essential if we are to improve our ability to predict how long seeds can survive in soils, both now and under future climatic conditions. In this review we present an holistic overview of the seed, species, climate, soil, and other site factors that contribute mechanistically to seed persistence, incorporating physiological, biochemical and ecological perspectives. We focus on current knowledge of the seed and species traits that influence seed longevity under ex situ controlled storage conditions, and explore how this inherent longevity is moderated by changeable biotic and abiotic conditions in situ, both before and after seeds are dispersed. We argue that the persistence of a given seed population in any environment depends on its resistance to exiting the seed bank via germination or death, and on its exposure to environmental conditions that are conducive to those fates. By synthesising knowledge of how the environment affects seeds to determine when and how they leave the soil seed bank into a resistance-exposure model, we provide a new framework for developing experimental and modelling approaches to predict how long seeds will persist in a range of environments.

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“…This eVect is comparable with response of apple embryos observed after shortterm pre-treatment with cyanide (HCN) (Bogatek et al 1991;Bogatek and Gniazdowska 2006). NO and HCN are also known to stimulate germination of seeds of other plant species, e.g., lettuce (Zagórski and Lewak 1985), Arabidopsis (reviewed by Bethke et al 2007), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) (Sarath et al 2006). The emission of HCN has been detected during the pregermination period of many seeds, including those not containing any cyanogenic glycosides (Esashi et al 1991;reviewed by Siegiej and Bogatek 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dormancy removal in apple embryos by nitric oxide or cyanide involves modifications in ethylene biosynthetic pathway

Gniazdowska

Krasuska

Bogatek

2010

Planta

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The connection between classical phytohormone-ethylene and two signaling molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), was investigated in dormancy removal and germination "sensu stricto" of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) embryos. Deep dormancy of apple embryos was removed by short-term (3-6 h) pre-treatment with NO or HCN. NO- or HCN-mediated stimulation of germination was associated with enhanced emission of ethylene by the embryos, coupled with transient increase in ROS concentration in embryos. Ethylene vapors stimulated germination of dormant apple embryos and eliminated morphological anomalies characteristic for young seedlings developed from dormant embryos. Inhibitors of ethylene receptors completely impeded beneficial effect of NO and HCN on embryo germination. NO- and HCN-induced ethylene emission by apple embryo was only slightly reduced by inhibitor of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase activity during first 4 days of germination. Short-term pre-treatment of the embryos with NO and HCN modified activity of both key enzymes of ethylene biosynthetic pathway: ACC synthase and ACC oxidase. Activity of ACC synthase declined during first 4 days of germination, while activity of ACC oxidase increased markedly at that time. Additional experiments point to non-enzymatic conversion of ACC to ethylene in the presence of ROS (H(2)O(2)). The results indicate that NO and HCN may alleviate dormancy of apple embryos "via" transient accumulation of ROS, leading to enhanced ethylene emission which is required to terminate germination "sensu stricto". Therefore, ethylene seems to be a trigger factor in control of apple embryo dormancy removal and germination.

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Nitric Oxide in Seed Dormancy and Germination

Cited by 33 publications

References 74 publications

Nitrate, abscisic acid and gibberellin interactions on the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination

Nitrate, abscisic acid and gibberellin interactions on the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination

The ecophysiology of seed persistence: a mechanistic view of the journey to germination or demise

Dormancy removal in apple embryos by nitric oxide or cyanide involves modifications in ethylene biosynthetic pathway

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