Nitrogen and energy utilization in juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed casein, amino acids or a protein-free diet

Kaushik, Sadasivam; Dąbrowski, Konrad; Blanc, D.

doi:10.1051/rnd:19830507

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Increased catabolism of the amino acids (Plakas et al 1980), excretion of amino acids (Murai et al 1984), and the rerouting of amino acids toward organs of rapid amino acid turnover (Kaushik and Dabrowski 1983) have all been put forward to explain reduced growth rates. Plakas et al (1980) reported a more rapid increase in plasma ammonia levels immediately after feeding common carp an amino acid diet as compared to a casein diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These workers suggested that this indicated an increase in the rate of amino acid catabolism even though the 139 ammonia levels were not significantly higher in the plasma of common carp fed the amino acid diet. Later studies with common carp (Kaushik and Dabrowski 1983) showed that the amino acid-fed fish excreted much less total ammonia than fish fed intact protein diets. In this study with white sturgeon, we did not analyze plasma ammonia levels but found that ammonia excreted in the urine of fish force-fed amino acid mixtures was significantly lower compared to those force-fed SPD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This difference in rate of intestinal absorption of dietary amino acids is presently considered a major reason for the more efficient utilization of free amino acids by rainbow trout than by warmwater fishes. This has led to speculations as to the fate of the absorbed amino acids in the plasma of warmwater fish if they were not being used for protein synthesis (Plakas et al 1980;Kaushik and Dabrowski 1983;Murai et al 1984;Murai and Ogata 1990). Increased catabolic and excretion rates of the absorbed amino acids are among the reasons used to explain poor utilization of free amino acid diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poor utilization of dietary free amino acids by white sturgeon

Hung

Herold

1996

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Three separate experiments were conducted to investigate the utilization of dietary free amino acids by white sturgeon,Acipenser transmontanus. In the first experiment, sturgeon were fed for 8 weeks with isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing either intact protein, an amino acid mixture, or a neutralized amino acid mixture of similar composition. Sturgeon fed the two amino acid diets grew significantly (p<0.05) less, mainly because of reduced feed intake. In the second experiment, postprandial changes in plasma free amino acids of sturgeon force-fed the above diets were monitored at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h Total plasma amino acids in sturgeon force-fed the intact protein diet showed a gradual increase and reached peak levels at 8 h. In contrast, plasma amino acids of fish force-fed the amino acid diets showed a rapid increase and reached maximal levels at 2 h. In the third experiment, free amino acid diets showed a urine of sturgeon force-fed the three diets was monitored at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h. In all dietary groups, peak excretion of indispensable amino acids was detected at 8 h after feeding but with significantly higher levels from fish force-fed the amino acid diets. Sturgeon force-fed the neutralized amino acid diet excreted 35% less amino acids compared to fish force-fed the non-neutralized diet. Sturgeon force-fed the intact protein diet excreted significantly higher amounts of ammonia. Under amino acid feeding conditions, sturgeon excreted more amino acids in its urine, but the urinary excretion of amino acids was not a major route in dealing with the rapid absorption of dietary free amino acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poor utilization of dietary free amino acids by white sturgeon

Hung

Herold

1996

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…These ANFs are inactivated by heat treatment, which allows dietary level at which such protein sources can be utilized by fish (Huisman and van der Poel, 1991;Tacon, 1993;Garg et al, 2002;Singh et al, 2003). Since soybean is considered to be deficient in lysine (Kaushik and Dabrowski, 1983), making it less available to fish, the diets needs a mineral premix (Kalla et al, 2001). Allan and Rowland (1994) and Singh et al (2003) have also reported high apparent digestibility coefficients for a number of plant products in omnivorous silver perch and C. mrigala, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Enzyme Activities, Carcass Biochemical Composition and Growth Performance Evaluation of Cirrhinus Mrigala Fed on Heat Processed Soybean (Glycine max) Supplemented Diets

Bhatnagar¹,

Rajharia²,

Dhillon³

2017

Arch. Agri. Environ. Sci.

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The increasing cost and unpredictable availability of fishmeal and anti-nutritional factors of plant proteins necessitates the search on cheap and abundantly available protein source with capabilities of growth promotion. The feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of hydrothermically processed soybean on growth performance, intestinal enzymatic activity and carcass composition for which three diets were formulated T 1 , T 2 , T 3 containing fish meal, raw soybean, and processed soybean, respectively. Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings were stocked in glass aquaria (60×30×30cm)/ plastic tubs (50L) for each diet in triplicates. Fingerlings were fed twice daily @ 4% of wet body weight for 90 days. Length-weight measurements were done fortnightly to adjust the feed quantity. Significantly (P<0.05) high growth performance and low FCR were observed in the fingerlings fed with diet containing processed soybean. Crude protein (%), crude fat (%) and gross energy (kJ g -1 ) were found to be significantly (P<0.05) high in the carcass of fish fed with T 3 . Intestinal enzymatic activities were also significantly higher in the group T 3 than to those fed on fish meal and raw soybean. The excretion of ammonia and reactive phosphate was also low with the inclusion of processed soybean, indicating the good quality of water. Therefore, the use of hydrothermically processed soybean in the diets can help in substituting fish meal protein without compromising growth and digestibility parameters and the use of processed soybean in the diets can also eliminate or reduce the pollution problems associated with intensive aquaculture system.

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“…Both daily patterns and rates of nitrogen excretion in salmonids (Brett and Zala, 1975 ;Kaushik, 1980) have also been studied in relation to nitrogen intake levels. Of other biotic factors, only the influence of age or size has been considered in some detail with respect to endogenous nitrogen excretion (Brett and Zala, 1975) and nitrogen balance (Fischer, 1976 ;Kaushik and Dabrowski, 1983). To our knowledge, the influence of genetic differences on nitrogen utilization…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption in five half-sib families of rainbow trout

Kaushik¹,

Fauconneau²,

Blanc³

et al. 1984

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. Branchial and urinary nitrogen (ammonia and urea) excretion and oxygen consumption rates were measured in five half-sib families of rainbow trout showing different growth rates. Ammonia loss through the gills represented the major part of nitrogen excretion and was highly correlated to nitrogen intake (NI). The fish of families 1 and 2 with better growth rates and food conversion ratios excreted much less nitrogen (51 and 59 % of NI, respectively) than the other 3 families (58 to 75 % of NI). Urea excretion and oxygen consumption rates varied but showed no definite relation to the growth rates of the families. Biochemical utilization of dietary proteins seemed to vary in rainbow trout, and further research along these lines is required.Introduction.

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Nitrogen and energy utilization in juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed casein, amino acids or a protein-free diet

Abstract: Introduction.

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Poor utilization of dietary free amino acids by white sturgeon

Poor utilization of dietary free amino acids by white sturgeon

Intestinal Enzyme Activities, Carcass Biochemical Composition and Growth Performance Evaluation of Cirrhinus Mrigala Fed on Heat Processed Soybean (Glycine max) Supplemented Diets

A study of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption in five half-sib families of rainbow trout

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