Nitrogen and phosphorous limitation reduces the effects of land use change on land carbon uptake or emission

Wang, Ying‐Ping; Zhang, Qian; Pitman, Andrew J.; Dai, Yongjiu

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/1/014001

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Wang et al [] using an Earth System Model reported total LULUC emissions for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. In addition to a nitrogen cycle, they also included phosphorous limitation and wood harvested from both forests and nonforests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our multimodel climate sensitivity analysis indicates that the choice of climate data used to force a model can result in substantially different indirect emissions (difference of up to 88 PgC globally; Table 5). Wang et al [2015] using an Earth System Model reported total LULUC emissions for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. In addition to a nitrogen cycle, they also included phosphorous limitation and wood harvested from both forests and nonforests.…”

Section: Future Luluc Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased influence of nitrogen limitation on CO₂ emissions from future land use and land use change

Meiyappan

House

2015

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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In the latest projections of future greenhouse gas emissions for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), few Earth System Models included the effect of nitrogen limitation, a key process limiting forest regrowth. Few included forest management (wood harvest). We estimate the impacts of nitrogen limitation on the CO 2 emissions from land use and land use change (LULUC), including wood harvest, for the period 1900-2100. We use a land surface model that includes a fully coupled carbon and nitrogen cycle and accounts for forest regrowth processes following agricultural abandonment and wood harvest. Future projections are based on the four Representation Concentration Pathways used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and we account for uncertainty in future climate for each scenario based on ensembles of climate model outputs. Results show that excluding nitrogen limitation will underestimate global LULUC emissions by 34-52 PgC (20-30%) during the 20th century (range across three different historical LULUC reconstructions) and by 128-187 PgC (90-150%) during the 21st century (range across the four IPCC scenarios). The full range for estimated LULUC emissions during the 21st century including climate model uncertainty is 91 to 227 PgC (with nitrogen limitation included). The underestimation increases with time because (1) projected annual wood harvest rates from forests summed over the 21st century are 380-1080% higher compared to those of the 20th century, resulting in more regrowing secondary forests; (2) nitrogen limitation reduces the CO 2 fertilization effect on net primary production of regrowing secondary forests following wood harvest and agricultural abandonment; and (3) nitrogen limitation effect is aggravated by the gradual loss of soil nitrogen from LULUC disturbance. Our study implies that (1) nitrogen limitation of CO 2 uptake is substantial and sensitive to nitrogen inputs; (2) if LULUC emissions are larger than previously estimated in studies without nitrogen limitation, then meeting the same climate mitigation target would require an equivalent additional reduction of fossil fuel emissions; (3) the effectiveness of land-based mitigation strategies will critically depend on the interactions between nutrient limitations and secondary forests resulting from LULUC; and (4) it is important for terrestrial biosphere models to consider nitrogen constraint in estimates of the strength of future land carbon uptake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Luluc Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased influence of nitrogen limitation on CO₂ emissions from future land use and land use change

Meiyappan

House

2015

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…Soil P dynamics, which limits C uptake at low latitudes, have been included in the biogeochemistry process module (i.e., Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach with C, N, and P cycles or CASA-CNP) of the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) model (Wang et al, 2010(Wang et al, , 2011 as well as in CLM-CNP (Yang et al, 2014). Considering C-nutrient (i.e., N and P) interaction reduces both the benefits of reforestation and the cost of deforestation as indicated by the global terrestrial carbon balance (Wang et al, 2015). Considering C-nutrient (i.e., N and P) interaction reduces both the benefits of reforestation and the cost of deforestation as indicated by the global terrestrial carbon balance (Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Symbiotic Bnf Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon cost of plant nitrogen acquisition: global carbon cycle impact from an improved plant nitrogen cycle in the Community Land Model

Shi

Fisher

Brzostek

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

145

149

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Plants typically expend a significant portion of their available carbon (C) on nutrient acquisition - C that could otherwise support growth. However, given that most global terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) do not include the C cost of nutrient acquisition, these models fail to represent current and future constraints to the land C sink. Here, we integrated a plant productivity-optimized nutrient acquisition model - the Fixation and Uptake of Nitrogen Model - into one of the most widely used TBMs, the Community Land Model. Global plant nitrogen (N) uptake is dynamically simulated in the coupled model based on the C costs of N acquisition from mycorrhizal roots, nonmycorrhizal roots, N-fixing microbes, and retranslocation (from senescing leaves). We find that at the global scale, plants spend 2.4 Pg C yr(-1) to acquire 1.0 Pg N yr(-1) , and that the C cost of N acquisition leads to a downregulation of global net primary production (NPP) by 13%. Mycorrhizal uptake represented the dominant pathway by which N is acquired, accounting for ~66% of the N uptake by plants. Notably, roots associating with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi - generally considered for their role in phosphorus (P) acquisition - are estimated to be the primary source of global plant N uptake owing to the dominance of AM-associated plants in mid- and low-latitude biomes. Overall, our coupled model improves the representations of NPP downregulation globally and generates spatially explicit patterns of belowground C allocation, soil N uptake, and N retranslocation at the global scale. Such model improvements are critical for predicting how plant responses to altered N availability (owing to N deposition, rising atmospheric CO2 , and warming temperatures) may impact the land C sink.

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“…CABLE with CASA-CNP has been used in a number of offline applications, where meteorological forcing is prescribed, (e.g. Huang et al, 2015) as well as in a lowresolution Earth system model in atmosphere-only simulations (Zhang et al, 2011(Zhang et al, , 2013Wang et al, 2015) or in atmosphere-ocean coupled simulations (Zhang et al, 2014). Experience from these studies has guided configuration and parameter choices for CABLE in ACCESS-ESM1 (Sect.…”

Section: R M Law Et Al: Access-esm1 Model Description and Pre-indumentioning

confidence: 99%

The carbon cycle in the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS-ESM1) – Part 1: Model description and pre-industrial simulation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) that incorporate carbon-climate feedbacks represent the present state of the art in climate modelling. Here, we describe the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS)-ESM1, which comprises atmosphere (UM7.3), land (CABLE), ocean (MOM4p1), and sea-ice (CICE4.1) components with OASIS-MCT coupling, to which ocean and land carbon modules have been added. The land carbon model (as part of CABLE) can optionally include both nitrogen and phosphorous limitation on the land carbon uptake. The ocean carbon model (WOMBAT, added to MOM) simulates the evolution of phosphate, oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity and iron with one class of phytoplankton and zooplankton. We perform multi-centennial preindustrial simulations with a fixed atmospheric CO 2 concentration and different land carbon model configurations (prescribed or prognostic leaf area index). We evaluate the equilibration of the carbon cycle and present the spatial and temporal variability in key carbon exchanges. Simulating leaf area index results in a slight warming of the atmosphere relative to the prescribed leaf area index case. Seasonal and interannual variations in land carbon exchange are sensitive to whether leaf area index is simulated, with interannual variations driven by variability in precipitation and temperature. We find that the response of the ocean carbon cycle shows reasonable agreement with observations. While our model overestimates surface phosphate values, the global primary productivity agrees well with observations. Our analysis highlights some deficiencies inherent in the carbon models and where the carbon simulation is negatively impacted by known biases in the underlying physical model and consequent limits on the applicability of this model version. We conclude the study with a brief discussion of key developments required to further improve the realism of our model simulation.

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Nitrogen and phosphorous limitation reduces the effects of land use change on land carbon uptake or emission

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Increased influence of nitrogen limitation on CO₂ emissions from future land use and land use change

Increased influence of nitrogen limitation on CO₂ emissions from future land use and land use change

Carbon cost of plant nitrogen acquisition: global carbon cycle impact from an improved plant nitrogen cycle in the Community Land Model

The carbon cycle in the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS-ESM1) – Part 1: Model description and pre-industrial simulation

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Nitrogen and phosphorous limitation reduces the effects of land use change on land carbon uptake or emission

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Increased influence of nitrogen limitation on CO2 emissions from future land use and land use change

Increased influence of nitrogen limitation on CO2 emissions from future land use and land use change

Carbon cost of plant nitrogen acquisition: global carbon cycle impact from an improved plant nitrogen cycle in the Community Land Model

The carbon cycle in the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS-ESM1) – Part 1: Model description and pre-industrial simulation

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Increased influence of nitrogen limitation on CO₂ emissions from future land use and land use change

Increased influence of nitrogen limitation on CO₂ emissions from future land use and land use change