Nitrogen and phosphorus as the factors affecting ginsenoside production in hairy root cultures of Panax quinquefolium cultivated in shake flasks and nutrient sprinkle bioreactor

Kochan, Ewa; Szymczyk, Piotr; Kuźma, Łukasz; Szymańska, Grażyna

doi:10.1007/s11738-016-2168-9

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Such situation was result of assimilation and growth processes, genome background, and evolutionary aspect connected with ammonium toxicity/tolerance syndrome. Some authors suggest the changes of pH inside the cell compartments in response to assimilation of ammonium or nitrate, and therefore, regulation of enzymes in the final steps of saponins pathway can be achieved (Kochan et al 2016). Marigold was included to a NH 4 + -sensitive plant (Britto and Kronzucker 2002), what was confirmed for suspension and hairy root cultures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Adventitious roots of P. ginseng in Yu et al (2001) report and P. quinquefolium suspension culture (Zhong and Wang 1998) accumulated the highest amount of ginsenosides when nitrate ions were the sole source of nitrogen in cultivation medium. Similar conditions with low or complete absence of ammonium form intensified the synthesis of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol (dammarane-type tetracyclic triterpenoids) derivatives in bioreactor hairy roots of P. quinquefolium (Kochan et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source of nitrogen as a factor limiting saponin production by hairy root and suspension cultures of Calendula officinalis L.

2018

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Triterpenic saponins represented in Calendula officinalis L. by oleanolic acid (OA) glycosides are pentacyclic triterpene compounds with a wide range of biological and medicinal properties. This report demonstrates nitrogen source impact on growth, saponin accumulation, and secretion in hairy root and suspension cultures of marigold. Hairy roots preferred nitrate as a mineral source of nitrogen, but its impact on growth, OA glycosides accumulation, and secretion were line-dependent. The best productivity of OA glycosides was found in CC16 line (74.86 mg flask −1 ) in ½ MS medium modified by 2.5× KNO 3 and ammonium elimination with 2.5 g l −1 peptone. Organic nitrogen source at 27.5-g l −1 impairs the growth rate of hairy roots. Its effect on saponin accumulation and secretion to the surrounding medium depended on line and media composition. Nitrate:ammonium ratio of 4:2 for CC16 resulted in 5.7-fold increment of saponin secretion comparing to the standard medium. Embryo roots, apical bud, and hypocotyls explants were crucial for induction of suspension culture synthesizing saponins; however, effect of mineral form of nitrogen in cultivating medium had to be considered. The highest OA glycosides level (171.97 μg g −1 of dry weight) was recorded in the root derived culture with nitrate as a sole mineral form of nitrogen. Peptone from lactalbumin decidedly inhibited the saponin formation; however, it was essential for culture initiation, proliferation, and organ differentiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source of nitrogen as a factor limiting saponin production by hairy root and suspension cultures of Calendula officinalis L.

2018

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“…In contrast, hairy root cultures only require 28 days. Additionally transformed root cultures of P. quinquefolium possess higher or comparable ginseng saponin levels than roots from field-cultivated plants (Shi et al 2007;Kim et al 2014a, b;Kochan et al 2016).…”

Section: Ginsenoside and Phenolic Compound Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…+ and NO 3 − ion concentrations to half their amounts in standard B-5 medium, (Kochan et al 2016). In addition, after some modifications in medium composition, the levels of the studied ginsenosides were significantly higher in the nutrient sprinkle bioreactor than in control medium, and higher than in roots cultivated in flasks under optimal conditions (Kochan et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The content of triterpene saponins and phenolic compounds in American ginseng hairy root extracts and their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties

Kochan

Szymańska

Wielanek

et al. 2019

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Panax quinquefolium is a perennial herb of the Araliaceae family native to North America. Its roots have been used in traditional and Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic profile of methanolic extracts of P. quinquefolium hairy roots cultivated in flasks and a bioreactor, as well as extracts from the roots of three-year-old field-grown plants. Additionally, the phenol and ginsenoside components of the tested extracts were identified by HPLC, and their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties were evaluated. The antioxidant effect was evaluated by FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), and ABTS ([2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) cation scavenging tests, and their effect on the viability of the glioblastoma cell (T98G) line was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of 16 phenolic compounds identified as phenolic acids (ten compounds) or flavonoids (six compounds). The highest phenol content was observed in the transformed roots of flask-grown P. quinquefolium (1.6 mg g −1 d.w.), followed by these grown in the bioreactor (1.1 mg g −1 d.w.). However, the highest ginsenoside content was found in the roots of the naturally-cultivated plants (67.6 mg g −1 d.w.). The methanolic extracts from hairy root culture of P. quinquefolium appear to have significant antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. Such transformed American ginseng root cultures could represent a potential source of bioactive metabolites for the food or pharmaceutical industry. Key message First time phenolic compound level, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties were estimated in hairy root cultures of Panax quinquefolium cultivated in flasks and nutrient sprinkle bioreactor. Ginsenosides content was also determined.

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“…In addition, our previous studies have investigated ginsenoside and total phenolic contents in the shoots [3] and hairy roots of P. quinquefolium [17]. Through, these studies, we also described the optimal growth conditions required by the culture for increased production of the bioactive compounds [2,18]. The present study evaluates the ginsenoside composition and total phenolic content (TPC) in selected lines of callus and suspension cultures of P. quinquefolium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside and phenolic compounds in hydromethanolic extracts of American ginseng cell cultures and their antioxidant properties

et al. 2019

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The present study was performed to investigate the antioxidant properties of callus and suspension culture extracts of Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng). The ginsenoside content and the total phenolic content (TPC) in these cultures were also examined. The total amount of the nine studied saponins was found to be 2.08, 1.69, and 0.202 mg g−1 dry weight in red callus line (RCL), green callus line (GCL), and suspension cultures, respectively, by HPLC analysis. The TPC was estimated using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The TPC of the suspension culture extracts was approximately 36.7% and 17.6% higher than that of the RCL and GCL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the in vitro ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays; the methanolic P. quinquefolium suspension culture extracts demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity than that of the callus cultures.

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Nitrogen and phosphorus as the factors affecting ginsenoside production in hairy root cultures of Panax quinquefolium cultivated in shake flasks and nutrient sprinkle bioreactor

Cited by 38 publications

References 37 publications

Source of nitrogen as a factor limiting saponin production by hairy root and suspension cultures of Calendula officinalis L.

Source of nitrogen as a factor limiting saponin production by hairy root and suspension cultures of Calendula officinalis L.

The content of triterpene saponins and phenolic compounds in American ginseng hairy root extracts and their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties

Ginsenoside and phenolic compounds in hydromethanolic extracts of American ginseng cell cultures and their antioxidant properties

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