Nitrogen Assimilation Pathways in Budding Yeasts

Linder, Tomas

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-21110-3_7

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Seven nitrogen sources in addition to L-glutamate and NH 4 Cl were selected for assaying the effects of N,Ndimethylglycine on K. pastoris growth in minimal medium. All nine nitrogen sources are assimilated through separate pathways (Linder 2019b). Three concentrations of N,N-dimethylglycine -2, 5 and 10 mM, were tested for each nitrogen source and assays lasted 18 days with growth analysis by OD measurement every 6 days.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). The observed differences in final cell density between individual nitrogen sources without N,Ndimethylglycine supplementation likely reflects the corresponding differences in energetic costs for assimilation as well as the caloric value of any remaining carbon skeleton following de-or transamination (Linder 2019b). For example, the assimilation of L-glutamate, L-aspartate and GABA results in concurrent production of the citric acid cycle intermediates a-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate and succinate, respectively, which can all serve as additional carbon sources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the assimilation of L-glutamate, L-aspartate and GABA results in concurrent production of the citric acid cycle intermediates a-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate and succinate, respectively, which can all serve as additional carbon sources. In contrast, the assimilation of ammonia by glutamate dehydrogenase or glutamine synthetase requires an input of energy in the form of NADPH or ATP, respectively, without simultaneous production of a potential carbon source (Linder 2019b). This could explain why ammonia-grown K. pastoris cells displayed the lowest cell density of all tested nitrogen sources in the current study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen source-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives

Linder

2019

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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The effect of nitrogen source on the inhibitory properties of glycine and its N-methylated derivatives N-methylglycine (sarcosine), N,Ndimethylglycine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine (glycine betaine) on yeast growth was investigated. On solid minimal medium, all four glycine species completely or partially inhibited growth of Kluyveromyces lactis, Komagataella pastoris, Ogataea arabinofermentans, Spathaspora passalidarum and Yamadazyma tenuis at concentrations 5-10 mM when 10 mM NH 4 Cl was the sole source of nitrogen. If NH 4 Cl was substituted by sodium L-glutamate as the sole source of nitrogen, obvious growth inhibition by glycine and its Nmethylated derivatives was generally not observed in any of these species. No obvious growth inhibition by any of the glycine species at a concentration of 10 mM was observed in Cyberlindnera jadinii, Lipomyces starkeyi, Lodderomyces elongisporus, Scheffersomyces stipitis or Yarrowia lipolytica on solid minimal medium irrespective of whether the nitrogen source was NH 4 Cl or sodium L-glutamate. Growth inhibition assays of K. pastoris in liquid minimal medium supplemented with increasing concentrations of N,N-dimethylglycine demonstrated inhibitory effects for nine tested nitrogen sources. In most cases, N,N-dimethylglycine supplementation caused a decrease in growth efficiency that appeared to be proportional to the concentration of N,N-dimethylglycine. The biological relevance of these results is discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen source-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives

Linder

2019

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…Thus, the enzyme production varies depending on the nitrogen source; in some cases, there may be a preference for a particular type: nitrogen-rich sources are more rapidly assimilated than nitrogen-poor sources due to the efficiency of transport systems [ 24 , 29 , 38 ]. In addition, the microorganisms can extract nitrogen from a broad spectrum of organic and inorganic substrates [ 27 ]. Therefore, screening and selecting the most suitable nitrogen source for cultivation is essential to maximize product formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, nitrogen limitation causes growth retardation due to the expansion of the G1 phase of the cell cycle through a reduction in ribosomal biogenesis and translation [ 26 ]. Therefore, obtaining nitrogen from the external environment is essential for all living organisms [ 27 ]. Assimilable inorganic nitrogen sources include nitrates, ammonia, and ammonium salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endochitinase and Chitobiosidase Production by Marine Aeromonas caviae CHZ306: Establishment of Nitrogen Supplementation

et al. 2023

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Aeromonas caviae CHZ306, a marine-derived bacterium isolated from zooplankton, can use chitin (a polymer of a β-(1,4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) as a carbon source. The chitin is hydrolyzed by chitinolytic enzymes, namely endochitinases and exochitinases (chitobiosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase). Indeed, the chitinolytic pathway is initiated by the coexpression of the enzymes endochitinase (EnCh) and chitobiosidase (ChB); however, few studies, including biotechnological production of these enzymes, have been reported, although chitosaccharide are helpful in several industries, such as cosmetics. This study demonstrates the potential to maximize the simultaneous EnCh and ChB production by nitrogen supplementation on culture media. Twelve different nitrogen supplementation sources (inorganic and organic) previously analyzed in elemental composition (carbon and nitrogen) were tested and evaluated in the Erlenmeyer flask culture of A. caviae CHZ306 for EnCh and ChB expression. None of the nutrients inhibited bacterial growth, and the maximum activity in both EnCh and ChB was observed at 12 h, using corn-steep solids and peptone A. Corn-steep solids and peptone A were then combined at three ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) to maximize the production. The high activities for EnCh (30.1 U.L−1) and ChB (21.3 U.L−1) were obtained with 2:1 corn-steep solids and peptone A, corresponding to more than 5- and 3-fold enhancement, respectively, compared to the control condition.

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Unique trajectory of gene family evolution from genomic analysis of nearly all known species in an ancient yeast lineage

Feng,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Gene gains and losses are a major driver of genome evolution; their precise characterization can provide insights into the origin and diversification of major lineages. Here, we examined gene family evolution of 1,154 genomes from nearly all known species in the medically and technologically important yeast subphylum Saccharomycotina. We found that yeast gene family and genome evolution are distinct from plants, animals, and filamentous ascomycetes and are characterized by small genome sizes and smaller gene numbers but larger gene family sizes. Faster-evolving lineages (FELs) in yeasts experienced significantly higher rates of gene losses—commensurate with a narrowing of metabolic niche breadth—but higher speciation rates than their slower-evolving sister lineages (SELs). Gene families most often lost are those involved in mRNA splicing, carbohydrate metabolism, and cell division and are likely associated with intron loss, metabolic breadth, and non-canonical cell cycle processes. Our results highlight the significant role of gene family contractions in the evolution of yeast metabolism, genome function, and speciation, and suggest that gene family evolutionary trajectories have differed markedly across major eukaryotic lineages.

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Nitrogen Assimilation Pathways in Budding Yeasts

Cited by 3 publications

References 203 publications

Nitrogen source-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives

Nitrogen source-dependent inhibition of yeast growth by glycine and its N-methylated derivatives

Endochitinase and Chitobiosidase Production by Marine Aeromonas caviae CHZ306: Establishment of Nitrogen Supplementation

Unique trajectory of gene family evolution from genomic analysis of nearly all known species in an ancient yeast lineage

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