Nitrogen balance and crop response to nitrogen in upland and lowland cropping systems

Godwin, D. C.; Singh, Upendra

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3624-4_4

Cited by 100 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Higher NH3-N volatilization losses particularly in this study were due to accumulation of NH4-N because of lack of nitrification under flooded condition and absence of crop. Increase in fioodwater pH due to increased algal activity on N application under flooded condition also results in potentially higher NH3-N volatilization loss (Godwin and Singh, 1998). …”

Section: Nh3-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Transformation, Ammonia Volatilization Loss, and Nitrate Leaching in Organically Enhanced Nitrogen Fertilizers Relative to Urea

Singh

Sanabria

Austin

et al. 2012

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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New N fertilizer products-organically enhanced NS plus and organically enhanced NS plus with Fe, manufactured by using sterilized and chemically converted organic additives extracted from municipal wastewater biosolids, were evaluated for N mineralization, ammonia (NH3-N) volatilization, N leaching, and effects on soil acidification, relative to urea. Laboratory incubations at three temperatures (20, 30, and 40°C), two leaching schemes (continuous and intermittent irrigation regimes), and ammonia volatilization experiments under aerobic (upland) and anaerobic (flooded) conditions were conducted in four appropriate soils (Greenville loam [

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Section: Nh3-nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Transformation, Ammonia Volatilization Loss, and Nitrate Leaching in Organically Enhanced Nitrogen Fertilizers Relative to Urea

Singh

Sanabria

Austin

et al. 2012

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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“…This method of calculating the excess N is known as N balance at the surface [66]. The surface balance can be used as an indicator that highlights areas potentially threatened by N pollution under various environmental scenarios [67,68].…”

Section: Nitrogen Fertilization In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture

et al. 2011

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Abstract:In this review, we present the recent developments and future prospects of improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops using various complementary approaches. These include conventional breeding and molecular genetics, in addition to alternative farming techniques based on no-till continuous cover cropping cultures and/or organic nitrogen (N) nutrition. Whatever the mode of N fertilization, an increased knowledge of the mechanisms controlling plant N economy is essential for improving NUE and for reducing excessive input of fertilizers, while maintaining an acceptable yield and sufficient profit margin for the farmers. Using plants grown under agronomic conditions, with different tillage conditions, in pure or associated cultures, at low and high N mineral fertilizer input, or using organic fertilization, it is now possible to develop further whole plant agronomic and physiological studies. These can be combined with gene, protein and metabolite profiling to build up a comprehensive picture depicting the different steps of N uptake, assimilation and recycling to produce either biomass in vegetative organs or proteins in storage organs. We provide a critical overview as to how our understanding of the agro-ecophysiological, physiological and molecular controls of N assimilation in crops, under varying environmental conditions, has been improved. We have used combined approaches, based on agronomic studies, whole plant physiology, quantitative genetics, forward and reverse genetics and the emerging systems biology. Long-term sustainability may require a gradual transition from synthetic N inputs to legume-based crop rotation, including continuous cover cropping systems, where these may be possible in certain areas of the world, depending on climatic conditions. Current knowledge and prospects for future agronomic development and application for breeding crops adapted to lower mineral fertilizer input and to alternative farming techniques are explored, whilst taking into account the constraints of both the current world economic situation and the environment.

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“…The tissue N concentration below this critical concentration affects growth process. Above this critical concentration, there is no further increase in growth rate and luxury consumption of N occurs (Godwin and Singh 1998). We changed leaf and stem N concentration based on the parameter-estimation algorithm with crude protein data.…”

Section: Nitrogen Concentration In the Forage Massmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating forage production of Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha) with the CROPGRO-Perennial Forage model

2014

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Forage-based livestock systems are complex, and interactions among animals, plants and the environment exist at several levels of complexity, which can be evaluated using computer modelling. Despite the importance of grasslands for livestock production in Brazil, tools to assist producers to make decisions in forage-livestock systems are scarce. The objective of this research was to use the CROPGRO-Perennial Forage model to simulate the irrigated and rainfed growth of Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Marandu), the most widely grown forage in Brazil, by using parameters previously calibrated for the tall-growing cv. Xaraes of the same species, under non-limiting water conditions. The model was calibrated for the irrigated experiment and then tested against independent data of the rainfed experiment. Data used to calibrate the model included forage production, plant-part composition, leaf photosynthesis, leaf area index, specific leaf area, light interception and plant nitrogen (N) concentration from a field experiment conducted during 2011-13 in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Agronomic and morpho-physiological differences between the two grasses, such as maximum leaf photosynthesis, N concentration and temperature effect on growth rate, were considered in the calibration. Under rainfed conditions, the simulations using the Penman-Monteith FAO 56 method gave a more realistic water stress response than the Priestley and Taylor method. After model parameterisation, the mean simulated herbage yield was 4582 and 5249 kg ha -1 for 28 days and 42 days irrigated, and 4158 and 4735 kg ha -1 for 28 days and 42 days rainfed, respectively. The root-mean-square error ranged from 464 to 526 kg ha -1 and the D-statistic from 0.907 to 0.962. The simulated/observed ratios ranged from 0.977 to 1.001. These results suggest that the CROPGRO-Perennial Forage model can be used to simulate growth of Marandu palisade grass adequately under irrigated and rainfed conditions.

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Nitrogen balance and crop response to nitrogen in upland and lowland cropping systems

Cited by 100 publications

References 13 publications

Nitrogen Transformation, Ammonia Volatilization Loss, and Nitrate Leaching in Organically Enhanced Nitrogen Fertilizers Relative to Urea

Nitrogen Transformation, Ammonia Volatilization Loss, and Nitrate Leaching in Organically Enhanced Nitrogen Fertilizers Relative to Urea

Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crops for Sustainable Agriculture

Simulating forage production of Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha) with the CROPGRO-Perennial Forage model

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