Nitrogen Distribution Model: A Farmer and Farm-Centred Model to Monitor N Movement in the Soil

Abstract

There are several models that monitor movement of nitrogen in the soil. Most of these models have not been widely used in southern Africa because of sophisticated equipment required to collect data and the data needed to run the model are intensive. Nitrogen Distribution Model (NDM) has been developed to ensure that it responds to increasing need of managing nitrogen in agricultural systems characterized by smallholder farmers who do not have adequate resources to collect intensive data for modeling. NDM has parameters that are explicit and mostly intuitive and maintains good balance of simplicity and robustness. With the nature of smallholder farming in Malawi where over 85% of population are rural-based smallholder farmers, the model has also be designed so that it can acts as database to keep track of farmers and farms so that were given farm-specific nitrogen and water management advice.

Adaptive pathway of summer maize under drought stress: Transformation of root morphology and water absorption law

“…Soil moisture is very important for root growth (Mthandi et al, 2013). Under drought stress, crops themselves will actively adjust their roots to look for water in places with sufficient soil moisture.…”