Nitrogen estimation in biological samples by use of chemiluminescence.

Ward, M. W. N.; Owens, C. W. I.; Rennie, M. J.

doi:10.1093/clinchem/26.9.1336

Cited by 92 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…PEG/J tubes were inserted a mean of 2.3 (range 0-5) days from injury and 4.2 (range [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] days were required to reach full caloric intake. This resulted in full intake 6.8 (range [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] days after injury. The average time during which the nitrogen balance was measured continuously was 7.7 (range 5-12) days.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Enteral Nutrition After Brain Injury by Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy

Kirby

Clifton

Turner

et al. 1991

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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Twenty-seven patients in a series of 52 patients with severe brain injury (Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤8) underwent insertion of intestinal feeding tubes at the bedside. The technique required endoscopy with externalization of gastric and intestinal ports through the abdominal wall. Feedings were begun through the intestinal tube with Vital HN within 4 hours of its insertion with simultaneous gastric decompression via the gastric tube. Tubes were placed 2.3 (range 0-5) days after injury. Full caloric intake (3020 kcal/24 h) was achieved by 6.8 (range 2-8) days after injury to 4.2 (range 2-8) days after placement of the feeding tube. Only 1 patient failed to tolerate feedings immediately after tube insertion. Technical inability to insert the tubes occurred in 3 patients and the intestinal tube migrated into the stomach in 2 patients; diarrhea occurred in only 1 patient. With this technique, it was possible to deliver an average daily intake of 1.2 g/kg of protein in 8-day balance periods beginning at the time of tube insertion. These data included 3-to 4-day periods in which feedings were steadily increased. In 16 patients in whom nitrogen balance was measured for 8-day balance periods, average nitrogen balance was -5.7 (range -11.3 to +3.5) g/24 h. The reduction in nitrogen loss by this technique appears equal to or superior to either gastric feeding or TPN. This technique provides the ability to enterally feed a high proportion of brain-injured patients (except those in barbiturate coma) very early after injury using a bedside procedure. It is concluded that intestinal feeding is the procedure of choice for the nutritional management of the brain-injured patient. ( Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 15 :298-302, 1991) A number of different feeding methods have been tested to improve nutritional management of brain-injured patients, since description of the metabolic response to brain injury.1-4 The two goals of management have been early caloric and protein replacement and reduction of negative nitrogen balance. Achievement of full caloric replacement within 3-5 days by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or jejunal feeding has been associated with more rapid neurologic recovery and with reduced infectious complications.3-5 Gastric enteral feeding in brain-injured patients has not been as satisfactory as TPN or jejunal feedings.3°4°6°' In previous work we compared nitrogen balance achieved by enteral infusion of two large quantities of high protein content formulas in 20 patients. Considerable attention

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Enteral Nutrition After Brain Injury by Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy

Kirby

Clifton

Turner

et al. 1991

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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“…The pH of pumped and control samples was measured by standard methods; protein was determined by the overall nitrogen content [27], using an automated protein analyser (Antek Instruments, Düsseldorf, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous infusion of FVIII and FIX concentrates:in vitroanalysis of clinically relevant parameters

et al. 1999

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A high purity factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor (FVIII/vWF) concentrate (IMMUNATE [STIM plus]) (n = 6 batches), and a high purity factor IX (FIX) concentrate (IMMUNINE [STIM plus]) (n = 7 batches), were assessed in vitro for their applicability to continuous infusion. Parameters pertinent to continuous infusion were investigated and included stability, sterility and, in the case of FIX, the generation of potentially thrombogenic components. Four stationary or transportable mini infusion pumps, equipped with polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinylchloride plastic components were used. The concentrates were reconstituted without extra filling volume and perfused at 12.5 mL h-1 and 1 mL h-1; sampling was carried out at the start of the experiment and for up to 48 h. The FVIII procoagulant activity (FVIII:C) was assayed by amidolytic, 1-stage and 2-stage assays; vWF was examined for ristocetin cofactor activity, antigen and multimers. The FIX coagulation activity (FIX:C) was determined by a 1-stage coagulation assay; thrombogenicity potential was assessed in vivo (Wessler stasis model in rabbits) and in vitro (FIXa and nonactivated thromboplastin time). Reconstituted concentrate incubated under the same conditions served as a control. Both concentrates remained sterile throughout the testing period. The perfused and control samples remained stable, retaining over 95% of activity for FVIII:C and over 90% for FIX:C for up to 48 h. Intermittent decrease of FVIII:C or FIX:C was not observed, suggesting no adsorption of FVIII or FIX onto plastic surfaces during either short or long-term exposure. No thrombogenic components were detected in the high purity FIX concentrate. Thus, under the in vitro conditions used, FVIII/vWF and FIX were found to be suitable for administration by continuous infusion.

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“…Measurements of REE by indirect calorimetry (Deltatrac II) and of total urinary nitrogen by chemoluminescence (Antek 7000 analyzer; Antek, Houston, Texas) 21 were obtained daily from admission until extubation. The calorimeter was calibrated monthly using the ethanol-burn technique, adapted for pediatric values.…”

Section: Indirect Calorimetry Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Predictive Equations Specifically Developed to Estimate Resting Energy Expenditure in Ventilated Critically Ill Children

Chaparro

Taffé

Moullet

et al. 2017

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Nitrogen estimation in biological samples by use of chemiluminescence.

Cited by 92 publications

References 2 publications

Early Enteral Nutrition After Brain Injury by Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy

Early Enteral Nutrition After Brain Injury by Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy

Continuous infusion of FVIII and FIX concentrates:in vitroanalysis of clinically relevant parameters

Performance of Predictive Equations Specifically Developed to Estimate Resting Energy Expenditure in Ventilated Critically Ill Children

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