Nitrogen excretion in insects

Pant, Radha

doi:10.1007/bf03179946

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…While insects are considered as being predominantly uricotelic animals, most insects seem to be capable of urea production and excretion. In some insects such as the carnivorous dipteran Sarcophage ruficornis , enzymes of the urea cycle were shown to be active in the tissue30. The genome of H. saltator encodes a partial urea cycle that allows the production of urea from arginine11.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of Rhizobiales bacteria in predatory ants reveals urease gene functions but no genes for nitrogen fixation

Neuvonen

Tamarit

Näslund

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Gut-associated microbiota of ants include Rhizobiales bacteria with affiliation to the genus Bartonella. These bacteria may enable the ants to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but no genomes have been sequenced yet to test the hypothesis. Sequence reads from a member of the Rhizobiales were identified in the data collected in a genome project of the ant Harpegnathos saltator. We present an analysis of the closed 1.86 Mb genome of the ant-associated bacterium, for which we suggest the species name Candidatus Tokpelaia hoelldoblerii. A phylogenetic analysis reveals a relationship to Bartonella and Brucella, which infect mammals. Novel gene acquisitions include a gene for a putative extracellular protein of more than 6,000 amino acids secreted by the type I secretion system, which may be involved in attachment to the gut epithelium. No genes for nitrogen fixation could be identified, but genes for a multi-subunit urease protein complex are present in the genome. The urease genes are also present in Brucella, which has a fecal-oral transmission pathway, but not in Bartonella, which use blood-borne transmission pathways. We hypothesize that the gain and loss of the urease function is related to transmission strategies and lifestyle changes in the host-associated members of the Rhizobiales.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of Rhizobiales bacteria in predatory ants reveals urease gene functions but no genes for nitrogen fixation

Neuvonen

Tamarit

Näslund

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…In loblolly pine, more than half of the nitrogen in megagametophytes comes from the amino acid arginine [ 106 ]. Insects use the enzyme arginase to hydrolyze arginine into ornithine and urea [ 107 ]. Excretion of urea would result in the substantial loss of nitrogen, especially since larvae must undergo extended periods of diapause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial associates of seed-parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Megastigmus)

2014

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BackgroundThe success of herbivorous insects has been shaped largely by their association with microbes. Seed parasitism is an insect feeding strategy involving intimate contact and manipulation of a plant host. Little is known about the microbial associates of seed-parasitic insects. We characterized the bacterial symbionts of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), a lineage of seed-parasitic chalcid wasps, with the goal of identifying microbes that might play an important role in aiding development within seeds, including supplementing insect nutrition or manipulating host trees. We screened multiple populations of seven species for common facultative inherited symbionts. We also performed culture independent surveys of larvae, pupae, and adults of M. spermotrophus using 454 pyrosequencing. This major pest of Douglas-fir is the best-studied Megastigmus, and was previously shown to manipulate its tree host into redirecting resources towards unfertilized ovules. Douglas-fir ovules and the parasitoid Eurytoma sp. were also surveyed using pyrosequencing to help elucidate possible transmission mechanisms of the microbial associates of M. spermotrophus.ResultsThree wasp species harboured Rickettsia; two of these also harboured Wolbachia. Males and females were infected at similar frequencies, suggesting that these bacteria do not distort sex ratios. The M. spermotrophus microbiome is dominated by five bacterial OTUs, including lineages commonly found in other insect microbiomes and in environmental samples. The bacterial community associated with M. spermotrophus remained constant throughout wasp development and was dominated by a single OTU – a strain of Ralstonia, in the Betaproteobacteria, comprising over 55% of all bacterial OTUs from Megastigmus samples. This strain was also present in unparasitized ovules.ConclusionsThis is the first report of Ralstonia being an abundant and potentially important member of an insect microbiome, although other closely-related Betaproteobacteria, such as Burkholderia, are important insect symbionts. We speculate that Ralstonia might play a role in nutrient recycling, perhaps by redirecting nitrogen. The developing wasp larva feeds on megagametophyte tissue, which contains the seed storage reserves and is especially rich in nitrogen. Future studies using Ralstonia-specific markers will determine its distribution in other Megastigmus species, its mode of transmission, and its role in wasp nutrition.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0224-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…All calves had permanent siliconized cannulae (Diameter 0.062 inch in Inner Diameter by 0.095 inch in outer Diameter) introduced into their left parotid duct. In order to compensate the loss of sodium and bicarbonate of the drained out saliva, 40 g of common salt mixed with green fodder was fed in two equally divided doses during morning and evening hours and 60 g of sodium bicarbonate in drinking water as reported by DAS and ROY (1966), PANT and ROY (1969) and SETIA et a]. (1971).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Peracute Lactic Acidosis on the Physico‐Chemical Changes in Parotid Saliva of Cross‐Bred Calves

Randhawa

Setia

Choudhuri

et al. 1981

Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie Tierernährung und Futtermittelk

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Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß einer perakuten laktischen Acidose auf physiko‐chemische Veränderungen von Parotis‐Speichel bei Kreuzungskälbern An vier Kreuzungskälbern wurde der Einfluß einer perakuten laktischen Acidose auf physiko‐chemische Veränderungen des Parotis‐Speichel untersucht. Die Kälber erhielten an der linken Seite eine Parotis‐Fistel. Die Acidose wurde mit Hilfe von oral verabreichter Melasse (25 g/kg Körpergewicht) induziert. Es wurden Speichel‐, Pansensaft‐ und Blutproben vor, 6 Std., 9 Std. und 12 Std. nach der Acidose‐Induktion untersucht. Mit fortschreitender Acidose erfolgte ein Abfall des pH‐Wertes im Speichel, der Sekretionsrate und des Gehaltes an Bikarbonat und ein Anstieg der Konzentration an Na, anorga‐nischem P, Milchsäure und Protein. Die Ca‐ und Mg‐Konzentrationen im Speichel bleiben unverändert. Die Osmolarität des Speichels und Blutes wechselte von hypertonisch zu hy‐potonisch im Vergleich zur Pansenflüssigkeit.

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Nitrogen excretion in insects

Cited by 13 publications

References 218 publications

The genome of Rhizobiales bacteria in predatory ants reveals urease gene functions but no genes for nitrogen fixation

The genome of Rhizobiales bacteria in predatory ants reveals urease gene functions but no genes for nitrogen fixation

Bacterial associates of seed-parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Megastigmus)

Effect of Peracute Lactic Acidosis on the Physico‐Chemical Changes in Parotid Saliva of Cross‐Bred Calves

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