Nitrogen fixation and growth rates of Trichodesmium IMS-101 as a function of light intensity

Breitbarth, Eike; Wohlers, Julia; Kläs, Jessica; LaRoche, Julie; Peeken, Ilka

doi:10.3354/meps07241

Cited by 68 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Thus, N acquisition in Trichodesmium is strongly dependent on availability of energy. Although respiratory processes may contribute some of the energy, most of the ATP and reductants are provided through photosynthesis Breitbarth et al 2008). Light appears to play a crucial role both as the .…”

Section: N 2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxygenic photosynthesis as well as respiration is conducted in both types of cells, generating the energy and reductants as well as carbon skeletons required for N assimilation. ADP adenosine-5 0 -diphosphate, ATP adenosine-5 0 -triphosphate, ATP synthase adenosine-5 0 -triphosphate synthase, Glu glutamate, GOGAT glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase, Gln glutamine, GS glutamine synthetase, P i inorganic phosphorus, PON particulate organic nitrogen, PSI photosystem 1, PSII photosystem 2, SDH succinate dehydrogenase Photosynth Res source of energy for N 2 fixation (Breitbarth et al 2008;Kranz et al 2010a) and as a cue for synthesis and/or demodification of nitrogenase (Zehr et al 1993). N 2 fixation rates, obtained from acetylene reduction assays, have been shown to increase up to light intensities of about 300 lmol photons m -2 s -1 (Bell and Fu 2005;Breitbarth et al 2008).…”

Section: N 2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ADP adenosine-5 0 -diphosphate, ATP adenosine-5 0 -triphosphate, ATP synthase adenosine-5 0 -triphosphate synthase, Glu glutamate, GOGAT glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase, Gln glutamine, GS glutamine synthetase, P i inorganic phosphorus, PON particulate organic nitrogen, PSI photosystem 1, PSII photosystem 2, SDH succinate dehydrogenase Photosynth Res source of energy for N 2 fixation (Breitbarth et al 2008;Kranz et al 2010a) and as a cue for synthesis and/or demodification of nitrogenase (Zehr et al 1993). N 2 fixation rates, obtained from acetylene reduction assays, have been shown to increase up to light intensities of about 300 lmol photons m -2 s -1 (Bell and Fu 2005;Breitbarth et al 2008). As cell densities of Trichodesmium are often highest at depths of 20-40 m (Capone et al 1997), prevailing light intensities may commonly limit the energy supply to nitrogenase in natural populations (SanudoWilhelmy et al 2001).…”

Section: N 2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To protect the oxygen-sensitive enzyme nitrogenase, which catalyzes the reduction of N 2 to NH 3 , from photosynthetic O 2 evolution, this species has developed distinct diurnal rhythms in photosynthesis and N 2 fixation (Berman-Frank et al 2001b). By now, the genome of Trichodesmium IMS101 has been fully sequenced (US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute http://www.jgi.doe.gov/) and several aspects of its ecophysiology have been studied, e.g., effects of phosphorus, iron limitation, temperature, salinity, and irradiance (Berman-Frank et al 2001a;Breitbarth et al 2008;Fu and Bell 2003). The potential influence of CO 2 -induced changes in seawater chemistry or combined effects of different environmental factors have, however, been ignored for a long time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between CCM and N2 fixation in Trichodesmium

2010

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In view of the current increase in atmospheric pCO 2 and concomitant changes in the marine environment, it is crucial to assess, understand, and predict future responses of ecologically relevant phytoplankton species. The diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum was found to respond strongly to elevated pCO 2 by increasing growth, production rates, and N 2 fixation. The magnitude of these CO 2 effects exceeds those previously seen in other phytoplankton, raising the question about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we review recent publications on metabolic pathways of Trichodesmium from a gene transcription level to the protein activities and energy fluxes. Diurnal patterns of nitrogenase activity change markedly with CO 2 availability, causing higher diel N 2 fixation rates under elevated pCO 2 . The observed responses to elevated pCO 2 could not be attributed to enhanced energy generation via gross photosynthesis, although there are indications for CO 2 -dependent changes in ATP/ NADPH ? H ? production. The CO 2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) in Trichodesmium is primarily based on HCO 3 -uptake. Although only little CO 2 uptake was detected, the NDH complex seems to play a crucial role in internal cycling of inorganic carbon, especially under elevated pCO 2 . Affinities for inorganic carbon change over the day, closely following the pattern in N 2 fixation, and generally decrease with increasing pCO 2 . This down-regulation of CCM activity and the simultaneously enhanced N 2 fixation point to a shift in energy allocation from carbon acquisition to N 2 fixation under elevated pCO 2 levels. A strong light modulation of CO 2 effects further corroborates the role of energy fluxes as a key to understand the responses of Trichodesmium.

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Section: N 2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N 2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: N 2 Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between CCM and N2 fixation in Trichodesmium

2010

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“…Similarly, by using 13 C / 15 N isotope labeling techniques, Holl et al (2007) found that NF and CF rates of field-towed Trichodesmium were attenuated as light intensity decreased. In controlled laboratory experiments, Breitbarth et al (2008) suggested that both nitrogenase activity and growth rates of Trichodesmium (IMS-101) are light-dependent (15 to 1100 µE m −2 s −1 ), and Bell and Fu (2005) observed increasing NF rates with the increase in light intensity (PAR 10-160 µE m −2 s −1 ), and the cellular concentrations of Chl a and phycobiliproteins (PBPs) increased under low-light conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of light on N<sub>2</sub> fixation and net nitrogen release of <i>Trichodesmium</i> in a field study

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Dinitrogen fixation (NF) by marine cyanobacteria is an important pathway to replenish the oceanic bioavailable nitrogen inventory. Light is the key to modulating NF; however, field studies investigating the light response curve (NF-I curve) of NF rate and the effect of light on diazotrophderived nitrogen (DDN) net release are relatively sparse in the literature, hampering prediction using models. A dissolution method was applied using uncontaminated 15 N 2 gas to examine how the light changes may influence the NF intensity and DDN net release in the oligotrophic ocean. Experiments were conducted at stations with diazotrophs dominated by filamentous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. in the western Pacific and the South China Sea. The effect of light on carbon fixation (CF) was measured in parallel using the 13 C tracer method specifically for a station characterized by Trichodesmium bloom. Both NF-I and CF-I curves showed a I k (light saturation coefficient) range of 193 to 315 µE m −2 s −1 , with light saturation at around 400 µE m −2 s −1 . The proportion of DDN net release ranged from ∼ 6 to ∼ 50 %, suggesting an increasing trend as the light intensity decreased. At the Trichodesmium bloom station, we found that the CF / NF ratio was light-dependent and the ratio started to increase as light was lower than the carbon compensation point of 200 µE m −2 s −1 . Under low-light stress, Trichodesmium physiologically preferred to allocate more energy for CF to alleviate the intensive carbon consumption by respiration; thus, there is a metabolism tradeoff between CF and NF pathways. Results showed that shortterm (< 24 h) light change modulates the physiological state, which subsequently determined the C / N metabolism and DDN net release by Trichodesmium. Reallocation of energy associated with the variation in light intensity would be helpful for prediction of the global biogeochemical cycle of N by models involving Trichodesmium blooms.

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Interdecadal Trichodesmium variability in cold North Atlantic waters

Rivero‐Calle

Castillo

Gnanadesikan

et al. 2016

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Studies of the nitrogen cycle in the ocean generally assume that the distribution of the marine diazotroph, Trichodesmium, is restricted to warm, tropical, and subtropical oligotrophic waters. Here we show evidence that Trichodesmium are widely distributed in the North Atlantic. We report an approximately fivefold increase during the 1980s and 1990s in Trichodesmium presence near the British Isles with respect to the average over the last 50 years. A potential explanation is an increase in the Saharan dust source starting in the 1980s, coupled with changes in North Atlantic winds that opened a pathway for dust transport.Results from a coarse-resolution model in which winds vary but iron deposition is climatologically fixed suggest frequent nitrogen limitation in the region and reversals of the Portugal current, but it does not simulate the observed changes in Trichodesmium. Our results suggest that Trichodesmium may be capable of growth at temperatures below 20°C and challenge assumptions about their latitudinal distribution. Therefore, we need to reevaluate assumptions about the temperature limitations of Trichodesmium and the dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation capabilities of extratropical strains, which may have important implications for the global nitrogen budget.

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Nitrogen fixation and growth rates of Trichodesmium IMS-101 as a function of light intensity

Cited by 68 publications

References 48 publications

Interactions between CCM and N2 fixation in Trichodesmium

Interactions between CCM and N2 fixation in Trichodesmium

Effect of light on N<sub>2</sub> fixation and net nitrogen release of <i>Trichodesmium</i> in a field study

Interdecadal Trichodesmium variability in cold North Atlantic waters

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Nitrogen fixation and growth rates of Trichodesmium IMS-101 as a function of light intensity

Cited by 68 publications

References 48 publications

Interactions between CCM and N2 fixation in Trichodesmium

Interactions between CCM and N2 fixation in Trichodesmium

Effect of light on N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fixation and net nitrogen release of &lt;i&gt;Trichodesmium&lt;/i&gt; in a field study

Interdecadal Trichodesmium variability in cold North Atlantic waters

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Effect of light on N<sub>2</sub> fixation and net nitrogen release of <i>Trichodesmium</i> in a field study