Nitrogen fixation in legumes and actinorhizal plants in natural ecosystems: values obtained using<sup>15</sup>N natural abundance

Andrews, Mitchell; James, Euan K.; Sprent, Janet I.; Boddey, Robert M.; Gross, Eduardo; Reis, Fábio Bueno dos

doi:10.1080/17550874.2011.644343

Cited by 75 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Furthermore, N 2 fixation by legumes can be a major input of N into natural and agricultural ecosystems [9,10,11,12]. Generally, legume nodules can be classified as indeterminate or determinate in growth [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses

Andrews

2017

IJMS

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288

133

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Most species in the Leguminosae (legume family) can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) via symbiotic bacteria (rhizobia) in root nodules. Here, the literature on legume-rhizobia symbioses in field soils was reviewed and genotypically characterised rhizobia related to the taxonomy of the legumes from which they were isolated. The Leguminosae was divided into three sub-families, the Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae. Bradyrhizobium spp. were the exclusive rhizobial symbionts of species in the Caesalpinioideae, but data are limited. Generally, a range of rhizobia genera nodulated legume species across the two Mimosoideae tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae, but Mimosa spp. show specificity towards Burkholderia in central and southern Brazil, Rhizobium/Ensifer in central Mexico and Cupriavidus in southern Uruguay. These specific symbioses are likely to be at least in part related to the relative occurrence of the potential symbionts in soils of the different regions. Generally, Papilionoideae species were promiscuous in relation to rhizobial symbionts, but specificity for rhizobial genus appears to hold at the tribe level for the Fabeae (Rhizobium), the genus level for Cytisus (Bradyrhizobium), Lupinus (Bradyrhizobium) and the New Zealand native Sophora spp. (Mesorhizobium) and species level for Cicer arietinum (Mesorhizobium), Listia bainesii (Methylobacterium) and Listia angolensis (Microvirga). Specificity for rhizobial species/symbiovar appears to hold for Galega officinalis (Neorhizobium galegeae sv. officinalis), Galega orientalis (Neorhizobium galegeae sv. orientalis), Hedysarum coronarium (Rhizobium sullae), Medicago laciniata (Ensifer meliloti sv. medicaginis), Medicago rigiduloides (Ensifer meliloti sv. rigiduloides) and Trifolium ambiguum (Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. trifolii). Lateral gene transfer of specific symbiosis genes within rhizobial genera is an important mechanism allowing legumes to form symbioses with rhizobia adapted to particular soils. Strain-specific legume rhizobia symbioses can develop in particular habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses

Andrews

2017

IJMS

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288

133

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“…However, Menge et al [80] found that the costs of the regulatory system that turns N fixation on and off (together with all of its structural and biochemical machinery), and the lag time before regulation becomes effective could make obligate N fixation, facultative N fixation or non-fixation the most effective strategy (depending on costs and conditions). As discussed earlier, there is some evidence for a diversity of regulation strategies in nature (see [82]). In theory, this diversity of strategies could simultaneously explain the preponderance of putative N fixers in late-successional tropical forests and the paucity of N fixers in late-successional temperate forests [80].…”

Section: Models Of Ecological Controls Of Biological Nitrogen Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological nitrogen fixation: rates, patterns and ecological controls in terrestrial ecosystems

Vitousek

Menge

Reed³

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

615

478

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New techniques have identified a wide range of organisms with the capacity to carry out biological nitrogen fixation (BNF)—greatly expanding our appreciation of the diversity and ubiquity of N fixers—but our understanding of the rates and controls of BNF at ecosystem and global scales has not advanced at the same pace. Nevertheless, determining rates and controls of BNF is crucial to placing anthropogenic changes to the N cycle in context, and to understanding, predicting and managing many aspects of global environmental change. Here, we estimate terrestrial BNF for a pre-industrial world by combining information on N fluxes with 15 N relative abundance data for terrestrial ecosystems. Our estimate is that pre-industrial N fixation was 58 (range of 40–100) Tg N fixed yr −1 ; adding conservative assumptions for geological N reduces our best estimate to 44 Tg N yr −1 . This approach yields substantially lower estimates than most recent calculations; it suggests that the magnitude of human alternation of the N cycle is substantially larger than has been assumed.

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“…In arid and semiarid regions, N 2 -fixing legume trees frequently obtain more than half of their N from symbiotic fixation (Freitas et al, 2010;Andrews et 2011; Souza et al, 2012). However, the amounts of fixed N vary much, depending on the specificities of the symbiosis and on the environmental characteristics that affect biomass production and SFN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen symbiotically fixed by cowpea and gliricidia in traditional and agroforestry systems under semiarid conditions

Martins

Freitas

Menezes

et al. 2015

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to estimate the amounts of N fixed by cowpea in a traditional system and by cowpea and gliricidia in an agroforestry system in the Brazilian Northeast semiarid. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates, in the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Plots consisted of agroforestry and traditional systems (no trees), and split-plots of the three crops planted between the tree rows in the agroforestry system. To estimate N fixation, plant samples were collected in the fourth growth cycle of the perennial species and in the fourth planting cycle of the annual species. In the agroforestry system with buffel grass and prickly-pear cactus, gliricidia plants symbiotically fix high proportions of N (>50%) and contribute with higher N amounts (40 kg ha -1 in leaves) than in the traditional system (11 kg ha -1 in grain and 18 kg ha -1 in straw). In the agroforestry system with maize and cowpea, gliricidia plants do not fix nitrogen, and N input is limited to the fixation by cowpea (2.7 kg ha -1 ), which is lower than in the traditional system due to its lower biomass production.Index terms: Gliricidia sepium, Vigna unguiculata, biological nitrogen fixation, natural abundance, 15 N. Nitrogênio fixado simbioticamente por feijão-caupi e gliricídia em sistemas tradicional e agroflorestal sob condições semiáridasResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as quantidades de N fixadas em feijão-caupi em sistema tradicional e em feijão-caupi e gliricídia em sistema agroflorestal, sob condições semiáridas do Nordeste brasileiro. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições, no semiárido da Paraíba. As parcelas consistiram dos sistemas agroflorestal e tradicional (sem árvores), e as subparcelas, dos três cultivos entre as linhas das árvores, no sistema agroflorestal. Para estimar a fixação de N, amostras das plantas foram coletadas no quarto ciclo de crescimento das espécies perenes e no quarto ciclo de cultivo das espécies anuais. No sistema agroflorestal com capim-buffel e palma forrageira, a gliricídia fixa simbioticamente altas proporções de N (>50%) e adiciona quantidades maiores de N (40 kg ha -1 nas folhas) que no sistema tradicional (11 kg ha -1 nos grãos e 18 kg ha -1 na palhada). No sistema agroflorestal com milho e feijão-caupi, a gliricídia não fixa N e a adição de N é limitada à fixação no feijão-caupi (2,7 kg ha -1 ), que é menor que no sistema tradicional em razão da sua baixa produção de biomassa.Termos para indexação: Gliricidia sepium, Vigna unguiculata, fixação biológica do nitrogênio, abundância natural, 15 N.

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Nitrogen fixation in legumes and actinorhizal plants in natural ecosystems: values obtained using¹⁵N natural abundance

Cited by 75 publications

References 82 publications

Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses

Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses

Biological nitrogen fixation: rates, patterns and ecological controls in terrestrial ecosystems

Nitrogen symbiotically fixed by cowpea and gliricidia in traditional and agroforestry systems under semiarid conditions

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Nitrogen fixation in legumes and actinorhizal plants in natural ecosystems: values obtained using15N natural abundance

Cited by 75 publications

References 82 publications

Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses

Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbioses

Biological nitrogen fixation: rates, patterns and ecological controls in terrestrial ecosystems

Nitrogen symbiotically fixed by cowpea and gliricidia in traditional and agroforestry systems under semiarid conditions

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Nitrogen fixation in legumes and actinorhizal plants in natural ecosystems: values obtained using¹⁵N natural abundance