Nitrogen oxide emissions reducing in cement production

Abstract

In the European Union, the Russian Federation, as well as in a number of other countries, cement production is regulated by legislation on the best available technologies. Mandatory requirements (technological parameters, BAT-AELs) are imposed, first of all, on the emissions limitation of inorganic dust, nitrogen and sulfur oxides. The majority of Russian cement plants are currently characterized by the nitrogen oxide emissions state-established technological indicators‘ excess. The technological indicators of the best available technologies and methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions operating in the Russian Federation and the EU countries are considered. It is demonstrated that the most efficient technologies are the staged fuel combustion and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of nitrogen oxides.

NOx Reduction in a Cement Kiln with Spent Pot Lining: A Reaction Kinetics Study on HCN–NO and HNC–NO Interactions

“…The released NO x is majorly NO as compared to NO 2 . 1 NO can get converted to NO 2 in air, and their exposure has a negative impact on human health, as they cause pulmonary issues. 2,3 NO x emission is categorized into three different forms: thermal NO x , fuel NO x , and prompt NO x .…”

“…Primary control processes try to minimize NO x formation, whereas the generated NO x is reduced through postcontrol methods. Optimizing the combustion environment through temperature control such as the staged fuel combustion , and exhaust gas recirculation provokes lower NO x generation. In the case of postcontrol methods, a separate reducing agent such as ammonia (NH 3 ) or urea (NH 2 CONH 2 ) is imposed to chemically react with the generated NO x through selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) processes (former one with a higher DeNO x efficiency than the latter). , Considering the feasibility of the processes, the staged combustion process, which is a primary control method, is very cost-effective.…”

“…Together with several pollutants, such as CO, particulate matter, and sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are also released from this process due to the presence of nitrogen in coal as well as in air. The released NO x is majorly NO as compared to NO 2 . NO can get converted to NO 2 in air, and their exposure has a negative impact on human health, as they cause pulmonary issues. , NO x emission is categorized into three different forms: thermal NO x , fuel NO x , and prompt NO x .…”

“…Optimizing the combustion environment through temperature control such as the staged fuel combustion , and exhaust gas recirculation provokes lower NO x generation. In the case of postcontrol methods, a separate reducing agent such as ammonia (NH 3 ) or urea (NH 2 CONH 2 ) is imposed to chemically react with the generated NO x through selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) processes (former one with a higher DeNO x efficiency than the latter). , Considering the feasibility of the processes, the staged combustion process, which is a primary control method, is very cost-effective. The postcontrol process requires high investment costs because of the involvement of an external reducing agent and the complex technology, specifically in the case of the SCR method.…”

Empirical NOx Removal Analysis of Photocatalytic Construction Materials at Real-Scale

“…Thus, NOx abatement regulation based on various air pollution policies established by the Gothenburg and Kyoto Protocols has contributed to a decrease in the worldwide emissions of NOx [6]. In addition to regulating NOx generation from automobiles, power plants and manufacturing facilities [7], technologies that remove NOx in the atmosphere play a vital role in NOx abatement [8][9][10][11][12]. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising NOx removal technology that has been applied as a construction material [13,14].…”