Nitrogen self-doped nanosized TiO2 sheets with exposed {001} facets for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

Xiang, Quanjun; Wang, Yuanyuan; Wang, Wenguang; Jaroniec, Mietek

doi:10.1039/c1cc11740h

Cited by 342 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As seen in the XPS spectrum of all three samples presented in Fig. 1, there is a strong peak at 399.3 eV that corresponds to the binding energy of N 1S (Wang et al 2016;Xiang et al 2011). The nitrogen signal, only arising from the amino groups of chitosan, reveals the presence of chitosan in the surface layer of Scheme 2 Preparation of cellulose-chitosan microspheres, crosslinked with epichlorohydrin (CCMS-CL) and non-crosslinked (CCMS), in water-in-oil emulsion.…”

Section: Chemical Characterization By Xps Elemental Analysis and Ft-irmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spherical nanocomposite particles prepared from mixed cellulose–chitosan solutions

et al. 2016

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Novel cellulose-chitosan nanocomposite particles with spherical shape were successfully prepared via mixing of aqueous biopolymer solutions in three different ways. Macroparticles with diameters in the millimeter range were produced by dripping cellulose dissolved in cold LiOH/urea into acidic chitosan solutions, inducing instant co-regeneration of the biopolymers. Two types of microspheres, chemically crosslinked and non-crosslinked, were prepared by first mixing cellulose and chitosan solutions obtained from freeze thawing in LiOH/KOH/urea. Thereafter epichlorohydrin was applied as crosslinking agent for one of the samples, followed by water-inoil (W/O) emulsification, heat induced sol-gel transition, solvent exchange, washing and freeze-drying. Characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, total elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the prepared particles as being true cellulose-chitosan nanocomposites with different distribution of chitosan from the surface to the core of the particles depending on the preparation method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction was performed to study the morphology and size distribution of the prepared particles. The morphology was found to vary due to different preparation routes, revealing a core shell structure for macroparticles prepared by dripping, and homogenous nanoporous structure for the microspheres. The non-crosslinked microparticles exhibited a somewhat denser structure than the crosslinked ones, which indicated that crosslinking restricts packing of the chains before and under regeneration. From the obtained volume-weighted size distributions it was found that the crosslinked microspheres had the highest median diameter. The results demonstrate that not only the mixing ratio and distribution of the two biopolymers, but also the morphology and nanocomposite particle diameters are tunable by choosing between the different routes of preparation.

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Section: Chemical Characterization By Xps Elemental Analysis and Ft-irmentioning

confidence: 98%

Spherical nanocomposite particles prepared from mixed cellulose–chitosan solutions

et al. 2016

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“…60% exposed {001} facets, due to the larger surface area of the former compared to the latter material. In this case ethanol acted as a capping agent, hindering the growth of the anatase titania single crystals because of its specific binding with the titania surface via the Ti-O-C bond [52].…”

Section: Doped Anatase Tio 2 With Large Percentage Of {001} Facetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Facets-Dominated Anatase TiO2: Fluorine-Mediated Synthesis and Photoactivity

2013

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Semiconductors crystal facet engineering has become an important strategy for properly tuning and optimizing both the physicochemical properties and the reactivity of photocatalysts. In this review, a concise survey of recent results obtained in the field of specific surface-oriented anatase TiO 2 crystals preparation is presented. The attention is mainly focused on the fluorine-mediated hydrothermal and/or solvothermal processes employed for the synthesis and the assembly of anatase micro/nanostructures with dominant {001} facets. Their peculiar photocatalytic properties and potential applications are also presented, with a particular focus on photocatalysis-based environmental clean up and solar energy conversion applications. Finally, the most promising results obtained in the engineering of TiO 2 anatase crystal facets obtained by employing alternative, possibly more environmentally friendly methods are critically compared.

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“…The (001) facet was initially expected to be the most active because of its high surface energy [42,[112][113][114][115], whereas later research suggested that the clean (010) facet with 100% five-coordinate Ti was more active in photooxidation and photoreduction reactions [116]. In particular, Liu et al reported that the photoreactivity of (010) facets of TiO 2 is higher than that of the (101) facets, while the (001) facets showed the lowest photoreactivity [116].…”

Section: Anatase Tiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surface stability on the morphological transformation of metals and metal oxides as investigated by first-principles calculations

et al. 2015

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Morphology is a key property of materials. Owing to their precise structure and morphology, crystals and nanocrystals provide excellent model systems for joint experimental and theoretical investigations into surface-related properties. Faceted polyhedral crystals and nanocrystals expose well-defined crystallographic planes depending on the synthesis method, which allow for thoughtful investigations into structure-reactivity relationships under practical conditions. This feature article introduces recent work, based on the combined use of experimental findings and first-principles calculations, to provide deeper knowledge of the electronic, structural, and energetic properties controlling the morphology and the transformation mechanisms of different metals and metal oxides: Ag, anatase TiO 2 , BaZrO 3 , and α-Ag 2 WO 4 . According to the Wulff theorem, the equilibrium shapes of these systems are obtained from the values of their respective surface energies. These investigations are useful to gain further understanding of how to achieve morphological control of complex three-dimensional crystals by tuning the ratio of the surface energy values of the different facets. This strategy allows the prediction of possible morphologies for a crystal and/or nanocrystal by controlling the relative values of surface energies.

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Nitrogen self-doped nanosized TiO2 sheets with exposed {001} facets for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

Cited by 342 publications

References 42 publications

Spherical nanocomposite particles prepared from mixed cellulose–chitosan solutions

Spherical nanocomposite particles prepared from mixed cellulose–chitosan solutions

Specific Facets-Dominated Anatase TiO2: Fluorine-Mediated Synthesis and Photoactivity

Effects of surface stability on the morphological transformation of metals and metal oxides as investigated by first-principles calculations

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