Nitrosative stress in plants

Abstract

Nitrosative stress has become a usual term in the physiology of nitric oxide in mammalian systems. However, in plants there is much less information on this type of stress. Using olive leaves as experimental model, the effect of salinity on the potential induction of nitrosative stress was studied. The enzymatic L L-arginine-dependent production of nitric oxide (NOS activity) was measured by ozone chemiluminiscence. The specific activity of NOS in olive leaves was 0.280 nmol NO mg À1 protein min À1 , and was dependent on L L-arginine, NADPH and calcium. Salt stress (200 mM NaCl) caused an increase of the L L-arginine-dependent production of nitric oxide (NO), total S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) and number of proteins that underwent tyrosine nitration. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis using either specific fluorescent probes for NO and RSNO or antibodies to S-nitrosoglutathione and 3-nitrotyrosine, showed also a general increase of these reactive nitrogen species (RNS) mainly in the vascular tissue. Taken together, these findings show that in olive leaves salinity induces nitrosative stress, and vascular tissues could play an important role in the redistribution of NO-derived molecules during nitrosative stress.

Peroxisomes Are Required for in Vivo Nitric Oxide Accumulation in the Cytosol following Salinity Stress of Arabidopsis Plants

“…Additionally, it was demonstrated that peroxisomal NO generation was sensitive to animal NOS inhibitors and was calcium dependent. This data is in line with the biochemical evidence on the presence of NOS activity reported in pea leaf peroxisomes Corpas et al, 2004), olive (Olea europaea) leaf (Valderrama et al, 2007), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) hypocotyls (Chaki et al, 2009a). It is worth noting that some of the cofactors involved in the L-Arg-dependent NOS activity in plant peroxisomes have been described in previous studies (Corpas et al, 2009b).…”

“…10D). In a previous work involving olive plant growth under salinity (200 mM NaCl) stress conditions, similar behavior was observed, with an increase in the number and intensity of leaf proteins undergoing Tyr nitration (Valderrama et al, 2007). In this context, it must be mentioned that a rise in protein Tyr nitration is considered an indicator of ONOO 2 activity and a marker of pathological diseases and oxidative stress in animals (Ischiropoulos, 1998; Radi 2004;Szabó et al, 2007) and plants (Corpas et al, 2007b(Corpas et al, , 2008(Corpas et al, , 2009cChaki et al, 2009a).…”

“…B, of proteins under stress conditions in animal cells (Radi, 2004;Szabó et al, 2007). To evaluate this possible correlation between ONOO 2 and protein nitration in Arabidopsis under salinity conditions, ONOO 2 was analyzed in roots by CLSM using the fluorescence probe 3#-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF; Chaki et al, 2009aChaki et al, , 2009b, while the presence of Tyr nitration was studied by immunoblot analysis using a well-characterized antibody against 3-nitrotyrosine (Valderrama et al, 2007;Corpas et al, 2008;Chaki et al, 2009aChaki et al, , 2009b. Figure 10A shows the location of ONOO 2 in the control roots of Arabidopsis wild-type seedlings and ONOO 2 significantly increased in roots under salinity stress (Fig.…”

Nuclear Accumulation of Cytosolic Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Cadmium-Stressed Arabidopsis Roots

“…However, when plants are exposed to different types of stress, the production of ROS and RNS can overwhelm the scavenging capacity of the cell, thereby leading to accumulation of these reactive molecules with the establishment of oxidative stress conditions (Apel and Hirt, 2004;Møller et al, 2007;Valderrama et al, 2007;Corpas et al, 2008). Interestingly, multiple MAPK modules that mediate oxidative stress responses are not only induced by ROS, but can also regulate ROS levels by stimulating catalase activities (Rodriguez et al, 2010).…”

Regulatory roles of serotonin and melatonin in abiotic stress tolerance in plants

“…66,67 Salinity-induced nitrosative stress in olive leaves revealed an increment in Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)-dependent NO liberation followed by accumulation of RNS in vascular bundles. 68 Based on investigations in animal systems, it is evident that melatonin acts as a mediator of ROS and RNS crosstalk under nitrosative stress. Melatonin reacts with nitrogen centered radicals to produce nitrosated products such as N-nitrosomelatonin, which is formed due to reaction of NO with melatonin.…”