Nitrous Oxide Use in Children

Duarte, Leonardo Teixeira Domingues; Neto, Gastão F. Duval; Mendes, Florentino Fernandes

doi:10.1016/s0034-7094(12)70145-9

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…An adequate isoflurane dose is critical for the procedure since a variation in concentration on the subject can cause an overdose or awareness during surgery. 76,77 The equipment is responsible for analyzing anesthetics' concentration inhaled and exhaled and controlling the dose delivered to the subject throughout the surgery, using vaporizers and I.R. sensors.…”

Section: Pemfc-tams Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Micro-Fuel Cell Principal Biosensors for Monitoring Transdermal Volatile Organic Compounds in Humans

et al. 2022

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Knowledge of transduction mechanisms in biosensing applications paves the way for ultrasensitive and dynamic detection in living systems. Real-world biosensing applications where ultrasensitivity and dynamic detection are paramount include monitoring the anesthetic agent concentration during surgery; the slightest variation in concentration can potentially result in a life-threatening overdose or, on the other end of the spectrum, the patient's awareness during the procedure. We review the benefits and functions of the transcutaneous biosensor device compared with other current technology and discuss the sensor's capability to accurately measure volatile anesthetic gas concentration in blood using fuel cell technology. We review fundamental concepts of fuel-cell technology for bio-sensing applications. The fuel cell sensor can also continuously monitor other volatile organic compounds making it versatile with numerous potential applications.

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Section: Pemfc-tams Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Micro-Fuel Cell Principal Biosensors for Monitoring Transdermal Volatile Organic Compounds in Humans

et al. 2022

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“…k is the number of dimensions of the new feature subspace (k ≤ d). Mathematically, for a response matrix X, each element x ij concerns the j th measurement value for the i th considered data, the k th principal component is noted PC k : 35 PC k = n i−1 α ik x i j [6] where n is the number of variables and α ik is the eigenvector for the i th variable. Then the original data was multiplied by the eigenvectors to re-orient the data onto the new axes, and these newly oriented data were plotted subsequently.…”

Section: Implementation Of Principal Component Analysis-pca Is Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In hospitals, 2% to 3% isoflurane gas mixed with oxygen, air or nitrous oxide is delivered via inhalation with anesthesia machines equipped with vaporizers. 6 The inhaled and exhaled concentrations are monitored with infrared spectroscopy sensors built-into modern anesthesia machines. However, these anesthesia machines are not designed to operate in the field or during patient transport.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model for Safe Transport of Critical Patients in Unmanned Drones with a ‘Watch’ Style Continuous Anesthesia Sensor

Jalal

Umasankar

Christopher

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We envision unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for rapid evacuation of critically-ill patients from hazardous locations to health care facilities in safe zones. For safety, medical teams accompany patients to monitor vital signs and titrate anesthesia dose during transport. UAV transports would require continuous automated remote monitoring of both vital signs and of sedative dose to be feasible and safe. Volatile anesthetics (isoflurane) are the only anesthetic agents that can be monitored continuously with infrared spectroscopy (IR) devices; but unsuitable for transport. Our objective is to devise a safe UAV transport protocol incorporating novel technology for gas monitoring. Our group has developed and tested a miniaturized wearable fuel cell sensor that can detect isoflurane gas vapors as low as 40 ppm (within therapeutic range) with a sensitivity of 0.0112 nA ppm −1 cm −2 . Ambient signal interference was resolved by principal component analysis (PCA). Data variance of 1 st and 2 nd principal components was 88.68% and 11.31%, respectively. The PCA regression model reported here can determine accurate Isoflurane concentrations. Electronic IoT platform has been built constituting micro-fuel cell, miniaturized electronic components with Bluetooth. This wearable sensor can be incorporated into a comprehensive life support system for casualty evacuation in conjunction with autonomous UAV emergency medical operations.

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“…The mode of EMONO action is not known yet. Experts believe that the analgesic effects are due to supraspinal centres’ stimulation, with consequent endorphin release in spinal cord neurons and inhibition of transmission of pain signals to higher brain levels 16 17…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide (EMONO) associated with audiovisuals effective in reducing pain and side effects during peripheral venous access placement in children? Protocol for a single-centre randomised controlled trial from Italy

Maiandi¹,

Ghizzardi²,

Edefonti

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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IntroductionNurses frequently place a peripheral venous catheter during children’s hospitalisation. Many studies suggest treatment of venipuncture-related pain. The administration of an equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide (EMONO) is employed for pain control; however, no studies have analysed the association between EMONO and audiovisuals.The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of EMONO administration when combined with audiovisuals (EMONO+Audiovisual) versus EMONO alone on perceived pain, side effects and level of cooperation during peripheral venous access placement in children aged 2–5 years.Methods and analysisThe first 120 eligible children admitted to the paediatric ward of the Lodi Hospital and presenting the indication for peripheral venous access will be enrolled. Sixty children will be randomly assigned to the experimental group (EMONO+Audiovisual) and 60 to the control group (EMONO alone).The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale will be used to assess pain in the children aged 2-years old; pain in the children aged 3–5 years will be assessed using the Wong-Baker scale. The cooperation throughout the procedure will be measured using the Groningen Distress Rating Scale.Ethics and disseminationThe Milan Area 1 Ethics Committee approved the study protocol (Experiment Registry No. 2020/ST/295). The trial results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT05435118.

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Nitrous Oxide Use in Children

Cited by 10 publications

References 82 publications

Review—Micro-Fuel Cell Principal Biosensors for Monitoring Transdermal Volatile Organic Compounds in Humans

Review—Micro-Fuel Cell Principal Biosensors for Monitoring Transdermal Volatile Organic Compounds in Humans

A Model for Safe Transport of Critical Patients in Unmanned Drones with a ‘Watch’ Style Continuous Anesthesia Sensor

Is the equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide (EMONO) associated with audiovisuals effective in reducing pain and side effects during peripheral venous access placement in children? Protocol for a single-centre randomised controlled trial from Italy

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