“…As a representative example, antioxidative nanotherapies self-assembled by integrating a stable nitroxide radical-containing ROS trapper, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (Tempol) into the side chain of amphiphilic copolymers have been intensively investigated by Nagasaki's group Ikeda and Nagasaki, 2018). Two types of redox nanoparticles (RNPs), pHsensitive RNP N and pH-insensitive RNP O have been synthesized and demonstrated remarkable protective and therapeutic effects in diverse diseases, such as breast or colon cancers (Vong and Nagasaki, 2016;Shashni and Nagasaki, 2018), IBD (Vong et al, 2012(Vong et al, , 2014, radiation-induced organ dysfunctions (Feliciano et al, 2017), ischemia reperfusion injury (Yoshitomi et al, 2011), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (Eguchi et al, 2015), and neurological deficit (Chonpathompikunlert et al, 2012). These studies have unambiguously substantiated the antioxidative effects of RNP N and RNP O without discernible adverse side effects.…”