NMDA receptor/nitrergic system blockage augments antidepressant-like effects of paroxetine in the mouse forced swimming test

Abstract

We suggested, for the first time, a possible role for NMDAR/NO signaling in the antidepressant-like effects of paroxetine, providing a new approach for the treatment of depression.

Pharmacological evidence for the involvement of the NMDA receptor and nitric oxide pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of lamotrigine in the mouse forced swimming test

“…We showed that anti-depressant like effect of lamotrigine was boosted by using different types of NMDA receptor antagonists, supporting the implication of NMDA in antidepressant-like effect of lamotrigine. Our data are in consistent with other studies, demonstrating the antidepressant-like effect of NMDA receptor antagonists in FST [28,30,68].…”

“…L-NAME and 7-NI were administered 45 and 30 min prior to FST, respectively, in lamotrigine or saline-treated groups. Also, sub-effective dose of L-arginine (750 mg/kg) [28] was injected 30 min before the effective dose of lamotrigine (10 mg/ kg). The corresponding control groups only were given normal saline.…”

Antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects of Aloysia gratissima: Investigation of involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway

“…Our results are in accordance with studies that have shown that NOS inhibitors (Wegener et al, 2003) and reduction of NO levels within the hippocampus can induce antidepressantlike effects, thus implicating endogenous hippocampal NO in the neurobiology of depression (Joca and Guimarães, 2006). Similarly to our results, the antidepressant-like effects of escitalopram, paroxetine, and venlafaxine were also blocked by pretreatment with l-arginine (Dhir and Kulkarni, 2007;Ghasemi et al, 2009;Zomkowski et al, 2010). These results indicate that the effect of AE in the TST may be dependent on, at least in part, the inhibition of NO synthesis.…”

Norzotepine, a Major Metabolite of Zotepine, Exerts Atypical Antipsychotic-Like and Antidepressant-Like Actions through Its Potent Inhibition of Norepinephrine Reuptake

“…showed dose-dependent reduction in immobility time (Fig. 4), as reported previously (Lucki et al, 2001;Ghasemi et al, 2009). Neither olanzapine nor risperidone showed any effects in the forced-swim test at the doses used.…”