NMR-based metabolomic analysis of the seasonal and regional variability of phytochemical compounds in Curtisia dentata stem bark

A Systematic Review of Curtisia dentata Endemic to South Africa: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

“…Elsewhere, the 70% ethanol extract of the stem bark exhibited total phenols, total flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and steroids at 14.86 mg/g, 13.64 mg/g, 13.26%, 0.51%, 0.51%, and 1.42%, respectively [40]. The phytochemistry of the plant species is well reported in the literature using both NMR characterization [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis [49]. Figure 2 depicts various compounds identified in C. dentata.…”

“…These diverse biological activities and wide distribution within the kingdom of Plantae at large validate the use of traditional medicine holistically in the treatment of many human and animal infections worldwide. Van Wyk and Prinsloo [48] evaluated both the seasonal and regional metabolite profiling of the stem bark using NMR. The clustering of the samples, Currently, the plant species is threatened and is found mostly in conserved areas, which include parks, forests, and botanical gardens in Southern Africa [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

“…In other studies, a comprehensive antifungal study of the plant species against a variety of mycotoxigenic fungi have been carried out [48]. The acetone extract exhibited MIC values of 0.08 and 0.16 mg/mL against Aspergillus ochraceous and Furasium verticilloides, respectively, at both 24 and 48 h incubation periods.…”

“…In the microdilution assay, acetone extract exhibited a MIC value of 0.05 mg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis and a notable MIC value of 0.80 mg/mL against both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while hexane extract exhibited a MIC value of 0.60 mg/mL against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis. Nielsen et al [48] investigated the antibacterial activity of both stem bark and leaf methanol extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ampicillin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The leaves exhibited weaker antibacterial activity compared to the stem bark extracts, yielding MIC values ranging from 0.63 to 1.25 mg/mL against selected microbes, while stem bark extracts exhibited MIC values of 0.31 mg/mL against the three antibiotic-resistant strains.…”

“…Although free radicals are known to cause diseases, they can be quenched by the antioxidant abilities of various foodstuffs and many other important secondary metabolites from plant sources, particularly medicinal plants. The antioxidant activity of crude extracts and compounds isolated from Curtisia dendata is well documented [42,48,52]. The ethyl acetate and acetone leaf extracts were investigated for antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) at concentrations ranging from 0.08 to 5.0 mg/100 mL [43].…”