No Detectable Insecticide Resistance in Swallow Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Following Long-Term Exposure to Naled (Dibrom 8)

Runjaic, Jelena; Bellovich, Ian J; Page, Catherine E.; Brown, Charles R.; Booth, Warren

doi:10.1093/jme/tjw230

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Swallow bugs are the major nest parasite of cliff swallows. At 7–10-day intervals throughout the breeding season, nests were lightly sprayed with a dilute solution of Dibrom, an organophosphate insecticide that is highly effective against swallow bugs (Brown & Brown, 2004a; Runjaic, Bellovich, Brown, & Booth, 2017). Fumigated colonies were considered separately in all analyses, and comparison of site fidelity in fumigated and nonfumigated colonies was used to investigate the effect of ectoparasites on site fidelity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why come back home? Breeding-site fidelity varies with group size and parasite load in a colonial bird

2017

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Fidelity to a past breeding site is widespread among animals and may confer both costs and benefits. Colonial species occur at specific sites that can accommodate multiple breeders, and the choice of whether to return to last year's site or disperse elsewhere can affect colony site use, the colony size distribution and individual fitness. For the colonial cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, which occupies colonies of widely different sizes, we used a 30-year field study in western Nebraska to investigate how the extent of infestation by ectoparasites and colony size affected breeders' colony site fidelity between years. We compared philopatry at colonies where parasitic swallow bugs, Oeciacus vicarius, had been removed by fumigation with that at nonfumigated sites exposed to natural levels of ectoparasites. About 25% of birds at nonfumigated colonies returned to their previous year's site, whereas about 69% of birds at fumigated colonies did so. Site fidelity was greatest at nonfumigated sites that changed the least in size between years. Birds were less likely to return to a nonfumigated site as the colony there became increasingly larger. Individuals philopatric to both nonfumigated and fumigated sites resided in colonies more similar in size between years than did dispersing birds. Most cliff swallows settled within 6 km of their previous year's site, indicating that many nonphilopatric birds still may have had some familiarity with the local landscape surrounding the site to which they moved. Removal of ectoparasites at a site allows large colonies to persist there perennially, probably contributing to higher philopatry because such large colonies are rare and would have been difficult to find had the residents dispersed. Cliff swallows are likely to be sensitive to both colony size and general familiarity with a given site or landscape region, and probably integrate these with other cues to select breeding colonies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why come back home? Breeding-site fidelity varies with group size and parasite load in a colonial bird

2017

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“…At 7‐ to 10‐d intervals throughout the breeding season, nests were lightly sprayed with a dilute solution of Dibrom, an organophosphate insecticide that is highly effective against swallow bugs (Brown and Brown , Runjaic et al. ). Two colony sites were fumigated each year of this study, while 12 additional ones were fumigated in subsets of one to five years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was justified because only a single spraying at a colony site can effectively eliminate bugs there for the entire season (Runjaic et al. ), whereas bugs can rapidly re‐colonize a site the year after fumigation (C. R. Brown, personal observation ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In analyses, sites were treated as either fumigated or non-fumigated in a given year depending on whether they were sprayed that year, and no lag effects of fumigation were considered. This was justified because only a single spraying at a colony site can effectively eliminate bugs there for the entire season (Runjaic et al 2017), whereas bugs can rapidly re-colonize a site the year after fumigation (C. R. Brown, personal observation).…”

Section: Field Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological correlates of group integrity among dispersing cliff swallows

Hannebaum

Brown

2019

Ecosphere

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Breeding colonies of birds represent groups of individuals that associate during one breeding season, at least partially dissociate for the non‐breeding season, and may re‐associate the next year through collective settlement at another breeding site. Little is known about the extent to which colonial birds maintain group integrity when occupying different sites in different years or the benefits of long‐term associations among colonial individuals. For cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) in western Nebraska, USA, we examined ecological correlates and potential benefits associated with group integrity. Using a dataset of over 25,000 individuals, we found that associations between dispersing cliff swallows were greater than would be predicted by purely random settlement among colony sites. The extent of group integrity varied widely among sites, with birds seeming to settle together more often at sites with fewer ectoparasites and at colonies similar in size and closer in physical proximity to the one they had previously occupied. Some associations of birds lasted three years in which they used a different site each year. Successful colonies had higher levels of group integrity among their settlers than did colonies that failed completely. Cliff swallows that were known to have settled with at least one conspecific from the previous year's site had a higher survival the next year than those not known to have settled with past residents. The results are consistent with cliff swallows choosing colonies based in part on parasite load and with sorting among colonies based on the birds’ preferences for colonies of certain sizes.

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“…The nests used in this study were lightly misted with a dilute solution (1:170 parts water) of naled (Dibrom 8) applied every 7–10 days to remove ectoparasitic swallow bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae: Cimex vicarius ) as part of other research [37, 43, 44]. Naled is an organophosphate insecticide that is highly effective against swallow bugs [44, 45]. Swallow bug infestations vary among nests and colonies [37], and reduced reproductive success has been linked to parasitism [37].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in neophobia among cliff swallows at different colonies

2019

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Animal groups often represent nonrandom subsets of individuals, and increasing evidence indicates that individuals may sort among groups based on their personalities. The size of a group can predict its personality composition in some species due to differential suitability of a personality for groups of certain sizes, and the group itself may function more effectively if particular personality types are present. We quantified cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) behavioral measures using linear and generalized linear mixed models to identify whether they: (1) varied among individuals within colonies and among colonies, (2) were related to reproductive success, and (3) predicted levels of parental care. Significant among-individual and among-colony site variation in a cliff swallow’s latency to enter its nest when presented with a novel stimulus was revealed. We also found significant among-individual variation in the number of attacks directed toward a novel stimulus at the nest and in the response to broadcast of a cliff swallow alarm call recording, but among site variation in these measures was not significant. We did not find evidence for behavioral syndromes linking the personalities measured. Differences among individuals in latency to enter the nest and the number of attacks were not significantly related to reproductive success or to the extent to which birds fed their nestlings. However, extent of nestling feeding was significantly predicted by the number of mist net captures. The limited evidence in general of systematic variation in the behavior we measured among cliff swallow colonies may reflect the different and sometimes opposing selection pressures on behavior in different social environments. Future work should perhaps examine variation in other behavioral traits, such as foraging, in cliff swallow colonies of different sizes.

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No Detectable Insecticide Resistance in Swallow Bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Following Long-Term Exposure to Naled (Dibrom 8)

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Why come back home? Breeding-site fidelity varies with group size and parasite load in a colonial bird

Why come back home? Breeding-site fidelity varies with group size and parasite load in a colonial bird

Ecological correlates of group integrity among dispersing cliff swallows

Variation in neophobia among cliff swallows at different colonies

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