No Gravity Shield in Multi-folds Universes

Maes, Stéphane

doi:10.31219/osf.io/zs3ae

Cited by 8 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…They all appear gapped. 2D gravity and spacetime on the other hand is not gapped as we know 1) that there are no gravity shields [1,200] and 2) that the massless Higgs bosons are dilatons, that implements 2D gravity, and concretize spacetime [1,41,153,165,172,179], as well as play key roles in the multi-fold theory like the gravity electroweak symmetry breaking [13]. See all the papers compiled at [84].…”

Section: Note Added Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invalidation and Proof of the Mass Gap and Viability of The Standard Model on a Discrete Spacetime

Maes¹

2023

Preprint

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The Yang Mills Mass gap is often considered as phenomenologically solved, after all QCD does not halt, but mathematically, it remains an open problem, that must be theoretically proven, in order to axiomatically reconstruct Yang Mills, and prove its suitability. The mathematical problem has been elevated to one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems defined by the Clay Mathematics Institute, which has offered a prize of USD1,000,000 for its resolution. In past papers, we argued its resolution in a multi-fold universe with its discrete spacetime, relying on existing proofs in Lattice QCD (Quantum Chromodynamic). It works for discrete spacetime, but was not definitive in the continuous spacetime limit. In this paper, we revisit the standard model on lattices, in particular in the context of the Nielsen–Ninomiya theorem that identifies challenges for modeling both the Weak interaction and QCD on lattices, and thus the Standard Model (SM). Instead of aiming at solving what happens in the continuous limits, we rather treat the continuous case as a larger scale approximation of SM on a discrete spacetime. The paper studies Yang Mills fields and SM viability on discrete spacetimes besides continuous spacetime, and that includes the mass gap. Indeed, in previous papers we showed that General Relativity (GR) prescribes a discrete spacetime. Therefore, the mass gap and the Nielsen–Ninomiya theorem challenges must be addressed for SM in GR-based universes, which, a priori, includes our real universe.Doing so, the paper derives properties like asymptotic freedom, confinement and chiral symmetry breaking in non-abelian 4D Yang Mills theories. It also provides a new understanding of the link between confinement, and the chiral symmetry breaking, which typically occur around when confinement occurs, and explains the differences for abelian fields. These results are valid for discrete and continuous spacetime.In addition, the paper invalidates the mass gap conjecture and its Millennium prize formulation for 4D continuous spacetime by explaining that it can’t guarantee a mass gap. With reformulation, the mass gap Millennium Prize Problem is generally correct only in a 4D discrete spacetime, or in a multi-fold universe.SMG denotes the SM with gravity effects are not negligible at its scales. The present work gives new arguments for SMG: Yang Mills, QCD, and SM. The results also reinforce arguments for a (fundamental) particle desert above the electroweak scale, where the Ultimate Unification (UU) is encountered, and GUTs do not exist. The mass gap is generically proven for 2D random walk multi-fold universes, which characterize all of Physics.

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Section: Note Added Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invalidation and Proof of the Mass Gap and Viability of The Standard Model on a Discrete Spacetime

Maes¹

2023

Preprint

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“…The paper starts with an overview of the multifold dark matter mechanisms [1,24,25,35], and past papers discussing qualitative alignments with observations and simulations [1,[36][37][38][39][40]47], including several cases that were presented as arguments to favor MOND (See [41,42] and reference therein) over GR. Our past results indicate that MOND was not the only explanation, and that indeed multi-fold dark matter effects were as suitable.…”

Section: Note Added Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…December 20, 20223: In this paper, references in italic were added on December 20, 2023. Among the multi-fold SM G discoveries, the apparition of always in-flight, and hence non-interacting, righthanded neutrinos, coupled to the Higgs boson, is quite notable. It is supposedly always around the righthanded neutrinos, due to chirality flips by gravity of the massless Weyl fermions [1,30,53,57,59,61,94,113], induced by 7D space time matter induction and scattering models, and hidden behind the Higgs boson or field at the entry, exit and mapping points of the multi-folds [1,30,94,138]. Massless Higgs bosons are modeled as minimal microscopic black holes mark concretized spacetime locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Imbalance of Tidally Ejected Stars from Open Stars Clusters without MOND

Maes

2023

Preprint

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Results from a recent paper, and accompanying popular articles, have argued that the observed asymmetry in the numbers, and distributions, of stars tidally ejected in front, versus at the tail of open stars clusters, would favor the MOND theory (Modified Newtonian dynamics), over Newton gravity, and hence General Relativity (GR). This paper disputes such conclusions by showing that the observed asymmetry can equally well be qualitatively explained with multi-fold mechanisms, which propose that macroscopic entanglements between real particles are behind the effects of Dark Matter, and that entanglements of virtual particles explain gravity. This is captured by the E/G conjecture. Considering other similar results, and the fact that we encounter hints of multi-folds in our real universe, in particular with GR at Planck scales, we believe that the explanation proposed in our paper is another viable alternative to relying on MOND. As the multi-fold theory recovers GR, our approach does not require modifying GR, with ideas like MOND. In such a universe we can justify why more starts are ejected in the front than at the tail of galaxy clusters, where the galaxies tends to dilute.

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“…Massless Higgs bosons modeled as minimal microscopic black holes mark concretized spacetime locations. Massless Higgs bosons can condensate into Dirac Kerr-Newman soliton Qballs to produce massive and charged particles [1,4], or randomly walk according to induced patterns, thereby providing a microscopic explanation for a Higgs driven inflation, the electroweak symmetry breaking, the Higgs mechanism, the mass acquisition and the chirality of fermions and spacetime orientation; all resulting from the multi-fold gravity electroweak symmetry breaking [1,23,27,28,31,32,75,119,127]. The multi-fold theory has also concrete implications on New Physics like supersymmetry, superstrings, M-theory and Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) [1,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]112,123].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possibility of a Multi-fold Time-Varying Hubble Constant

Maes

2023

Preprint

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The multi-fold theory provides microscopic interpretations to the universe accelerated expansion, inflation mechanisms and dark energy. From the beginning, the multi-fold dark matter main mechanisms have been identified as being stronger in the presence of matter, or energy increasing spacetime curvature. One could therefore naively expect that these mechanisms will also be globally time-dependent, when it comes to the early epochs of the universe. Indeed, during the early cosmological eras, including pre-CMB, different matter densities and curvatures reigned. Each would lead to a different global average cosmological constant. Such a reasoning would predict a Hubble constant that is larger for early time than late time observations. As discussed in multiple papers and articles, proposing a time-varying dark energy density can obviously be a simple way to address the Hubble constant tension: early time estimates would correspond to such a different value, and no Hubble constant tension would exist.However, in our naïve initial analysis above, obtaining larger pre-CMB values could a priori go in the wrong direction when it comes to observations: one would expect a larger Hubble constant at early times, unless if it is rather an additional contribution to the CMB derived Hubble constant.Considering the multi-fold dark energy mechanisms, in all the early stages of the universe, i.e., pre-CMB, aka prerecombination, which led to the CMB, plasma, dominated by electromagnetic and possibly other interactions, occupied the whole concretized spacetime. This way, multi-fold dark energy effects were partially countered by more dominant interactions, and the resulting accelerations of expansion were reduced. It can explain why current early time estimates for the Hubble constant would differ from late time results, and lead to a smaller Hubble constant value at early time. However, it may not fit that well the overall standard cosmological model à la ΛCMD.However, note that recent papers show that a short term increase of the dark energy (5% for redshift z > 5000), can resolve the tension, by pushing up the CMB inferred Hubble constant, i.e. early time estimates, and better match overall the ΛCDM. So maybe our naïve reasoning was not that bad.Combining the two considerations above, our paper shows that multi-fold dark energy mechanisms intrinsically, and microscopically, justify such a behavior that can resolve the Hubble tension. It is another hint in favor of the multi-fold mechanisms, to add to several others. There is also a range where a multi-fold universe appear fractal, which may result into scaling of the cosmological constant, and reducing its value, during this period; again a move in the right direction.The result extends to the real universe, if it is multi-fold, as hinted by past results.

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No Gravity Shield in Multi-folds Universes

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Invalidation and Proof of the Mass Gap and Viability of The Standard Model on a Discrete Spacetime

Invalidation and Proof of the Mass Gap and Viability of The Standard Model on a Discrete Spacetime

Explaining Imbalance of Tidally Ejected Stars from Open Stars Clusters without MOND

The Possibility of a Multi-fold Time-Varying Hubble Constant

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