No laughing matter: How the presence of laughing witnesses changes the perception of insults.

Otten, Marte; Mann, Liesbeth; Berkum, Jos J. A. Van; Jonas, Kai J.

doi:10.1080/17470919.2016.1162194

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Deficits in executive functioning have been found to be correlated with bullying behavior in youth engaging in antisocial and aggressive behaviors [79]. Otten, Mann, van Berkum, and Jonas [32], using electroencephalography (EEG), have evaluated how the brain reacts to humiliation and investigated what happens when this humiliation is accompanied by public laughter. They have provided evidence that the brain reacts differently after reading humiliating scenarios than complimentary scenarios [80].…”

Section: Verbal Harassmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SVP remains a valid presentation tool, but it does not present words in a natural reading manner [94]. Therefore, [32,94] established a procedure to overcome this problem. This procedure, VSVP, presents words according to variable length, on the basis of their positions within the sentence.…”

Section: Experimental Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between each trial, 2 s was added to allow the participants to blink. In this experiment, impolite statements were adapted from a list compiled by Giumetti, Hatfield, Scisco, Schroeder, Muth, and Kowalski [56], Otten, Mann, van Berkum, and Jonas [32], and Siakaluk et al [96]. For example: "You are one of the most lovable people that I met" was used for the compliment session, and "I find you despicable and disgusting" was used for the verbal harassment session.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sentences were checked pragmatically according to the psychometric software Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count [97,98]. The critical word was specified as the first impolite word e.g., "disgust" or a complimentary word e.g., "fabulous" [32] ( Figure 6). The complimentary words were adapted from Otten, Mann, van Berkum, and Jonas [32].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying

et al. 2020

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The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cyberbullying through social exclusion and verbal harassment on emotional, stress, and coping responses. Twenty-nine undergraduate students (16 females aged 18.25 ± 0.58 years and 13 males aged 18.46 ± 1.13 years) volunteered for the study. All volunteers participated in two experiments that stimulated cyberbullying through social exclusion or verbal harassment. In the first experiment, the effects of cyberbullying through social exclusion were investigated using a virtual ball-tossing game known as Cyberball. In the second experiment, the influence of cyberbullying through verbal harassment was tested using a hypothetical scenario together with reading of online comments. Emotional, stress, and coping responses were measured via the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale, the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire, and the Coping Inventory for Task Stress, respectively. The results demonstrated that social exclusion and verbal harassment induced a negative emotional state. We also found that verbal harassment through the use of impolite language increased engagement, and increased worry compared with social exclusion effects.

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Section: Verbal Harassmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying

et al. 2020

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“…However, this is more difficult to determine, as laughter occurs embedded within a variety of social contexts, resulting in many laugh types. A growing research corpus potentially addresses questions of function by examining the contexts in which laughter is generated as well as laughter's social consequences (e.g., Otten, Mann, van Berkum, & Jonas, 2017;Scott, Lavan, Chen, & McGettigan, 2014). In contrast, much less is known about how laughter is perceived.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perception of Spontaneous and Volitional Laughter Across 21 Societies

et al. 2018

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Laughter is a nonverbal vocalization occurring in every known culture, ubiquitous across all forms of human social interaction. Here, we examined whether listeners around the world, irrespective of their own native language and culture, can distinguish between spontaneous laughter and volitional laughter-laugh types likely generated by different vocal-production systems. Using a set of 36 recorded laughs produced by female English speakers in tests involving 884 participants from 21 societies across six regions of the world, we asked listeners to determine whether each laugh was real or fake, and listeners differentiated between the two laugh types with an accuracy of 56% to 69%. Acoustic analysis revealed that sound features associated with arousal in vocal production predicted listeners' judgments fairly uniformly across societies. These results demonstrate high consistency across cultures in laughter judgments, underscoring the potential importance of nonverbal vocal communicative phenomena in human affiliation and cooperation.

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Testing effects of social rejection on aggressive and prosocial behavior: A meta‐analysis

Quarmley

Feldman

Grossman

et al. 2022

Aggressive Behavior

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Social rejection elicits profound feelings of distress. From an evolutionary perspective, the best way to alleviate this distress is to behave prosocially, minimizing the likelihood of further exclusion. Yet, examples ranging from the playground to the pub suggest rejection commonly elicits aggression. Opposing theoretical perspectives and discordant empirical results have left a basic question unanswered: does rejection more commonly elicit prosocial or aggressive behavior?We conducted three meta-analyses (one with studies measuring aggressive behavior; one with studies measuring prosocial behavior; and one with studies measuring both aggressive and prosocial behavior; N = 3864) to quantify: (1) the extent to which social rejection elicits prosocial or aggressive behavior and (2) potential moderating effects on these relations. Random-effects models revealed medium effects such that social rejection potentiated aggressive behavior (k = 19; d = 0.41, p < .0001) and attenuated prosocial behavior (k = 7; d = 0.59, p < .0001), an effect that remained consistent even when participants were given the option to behave prosocially or aggressively (k = 15; d = 0.71, p < .0001). These results cast doubt on the theory that rejection triggers prosocial behavior, and instead suggest it is a robust elicitor of aggression.Statement of Relevance: To our knowledge, these meta-analyses are the first to directly test whether social rejection elicits aggressive or prosocial behavior. By including a comprehensive collection of both published and unpublished research studies, and examining a wide variety of previously untested moderators, we show that social rejection robustly elicits aggressive behavior and inhibits prosocial behavior. Additionally, we demonstrate that aggressive behavior following social rejection is not simply a function of limited choices in response options. In fact, aggressive behavior was evoked even when the option to engage in prosocial behavior was provided. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive narrative review of the neural mechanisms underlying social rejection-elicited aggressive and prosocial behavior to supplement primary analyses. Overall, we believe that our work makes a critical theoretical contribution to the field.

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No laughing matter: How the presence of laughing witnesses changes the perception of insults.

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying

Affective and Stress Consequences of Cyberbullying

The Perception of Spontaneous and Volitional Laughter Across 21 Societies

Testing effects of social rejection on aggressive and prosocial behavior: A meta‐analysis

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