Noise-Immune Conjugate Large-Area Atom Interferometers

Chiow, Sheng‐wey; Herrmann, Sven; Chu, Steven; Müller, Holger

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.050402

Cited by 105 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The combination of this result with the measurement and the calculation of the electron anomaly provides the most stringent test of QED. In the future, the sensibility of the interferometer can be increased by using a larger area interferometer [22,23] and the experiment can be improved to reduce the correction due to the Gouy phase and the wave front curvature and divide the uncertainty by a factor of two. Then a main limitation will be the uncertainty of the mass ratio m Rb /m e .…”

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confidence: 99%

New Determination of the Fine Structure Constant and Test of the Quantum Electrodynamics

et al. 2011

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confidence: 99%

New Determination of the Fine Structure Constant and Test of the Quantum Electrodynamics

et al. 2011

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“…Two vertical velocity cuts with a pulse duration t s of 400 µs are performed. Signals due to gravity and vibrations are cancelled by measuring the phase difference of the two interferometers using ellipse fitting [6]. The laser system driving the interferometer is similar to the one described in [5,6,30].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This enables state-of-the-art measurements of the fine structure constant α [1] and will help realize the expected new definition of the kilogram in terms of the Planck constant [2,3]. Using multiphoton Bragg diffraction [4,5] and simultaneous operation of conjugate interferometers [6], the phase difference has been increased to Φ = 16n 2 ω r T (where the factor of 16 arises from taking the phase difference of the two interferometers), and Earth's gravity and vibrations have been canceled. Unfortunately, however, Bragg diffraction causes a diffraction phase [2,[7][8][9], which has been the largest systematic effect in high-sensitivity atom interferometers using this technique [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Signals due to gravity and vibrations are cancelled by measuring the phase difference of the two interferometers using ellipse fitting [6]. The laser system driving the interferometer is similar to the one described in [5,6,30]. Experimentally, we measure the diffraction phase by running the interferometer with different pulse separation times T , recording the respective values of ω m for which the phase Φ of the interferometer is zero, and fitting to Eq.…”

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confidence: 99%

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High-Resolution Atom Interferometers with Suppressed Diffraction Phases

Estey

Müller

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We experimentally and theoretically study the diffraction phase of large-momentum transfer beam splitters in atom interferometers based on Bragg diffraction. We null the diffraction phase and increase the sensitivity of the interferometer by combining Bragg diffraction with Bloch oscillations. We demonstrate agreement between experiment and theory, and a 1500-fold reduction of the diffraction phase, limited by measurement noise. In addition to reduced systematic effects, our interferometer has high contrast with up to 4.4 million radians of phase difference, and a resolution in the fine structure constant of δα/α = 0.25 ppb in 25 hours of integration time.PACS numbers: 03.75. Dg, 37.25.+k, 06.20.Jr, 06.30.Dr Atom interferometers are a direct analogy to optical interferometers, where beam splitters and mirrors send a wave along two different trajectories. When the waves are recombined, they can interfere constructively or destructively, depending upon the phase difference ∆φ accumulated between the paths. In light-pulse atom interferometers, atomic matter waves are coherently split and reflected using atom-photon interactions, which impart photon momenta k to the atoms.In a Ramsey Bordé interferometer, for example, the atom (of mass m) moves away and back along one path while remaining in constant inertial motion along the other path. The phase difference ∆φ = 8ω r T (T is the pulse separation time) is proportional to the kinetic energy, and thus to the recoil frequency ω r = k 2 /(2m). This enables state-of-the-art measurements of the fine structure constant α [1] and will help realize the expected new definition of the kilogram in terms of the Planck constant [2,3]. Using multiphoton Bragg diffraction [4,5] and simultaneous operation of conjugate interferometers [6], the phase difference has been increased to Φ = 16n 2 ω r T (where the factor of 16 arises from taking the phase difference of the two interferometers), and Earth's gravity and vibrations have been canceled. Unfortunately, however, Bragg diffraction causes a diffraction phase [2, 7-9], which has been the largest systematic effect in high-sensitivity atom interferometers using this technique [2]. Here, we study the diffraction phase in detail and show that it can be suppressed and even nulled by introducing Bloch oscillations as shown in Fig. 1 A, B. Bloch oscillations also increase the measured phase shift towhere n > 1. We decrease the influence of diffraction phases by an amount that is considerably larger than the increase in sensitivity and are in fact able to null them by feedback to the laser pulse intensity. With this increase in signal and suppression of diffraction phase systematics, we expect to see improvements in many applications of atom interferometry, such as measuring gravity and inertial effects [10][11][12][13]

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“…Light atomic species have been used in supersonic atomic-beam interferometers [25,26], but remain difficult to cool below the recoil temperature T r where the average thermal speed equals the recoil velocity. This makes it impossible to spatially resolve the interferometer outputs, which is required for direct rejection of common-mode inertial signals with phase extraction methods [27][28][29].…”

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Recoil-Sensitive Lithium Interferometer without a Subrecoil Sample

et al. 2017

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We report simultaneous conjugate Ramsey-Bordé interferometers with a sample of low-mass (lithium-7) atoms at 50 times the recoil temperature. We optically pump the atoms to a magnetically insensitive state using the 2S 1/2 − 2P 1/2 line. Fast stimulated Raman beam splitters address a broad velocity class and unavoidably drive two conjugate interferometers that overlap spatially. We show that detecting the summed interference signals of both interferometers, using state labeling, allows recoil measurements and suppression of phase noise from vibrations. The use of "warm" atoms allows for simple, efficient, and high-flux atom sources and broadens the applicability of recoil-sensitive interferometry to particles that remain difficult to trap and cool.

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Noise-Immune Conjugate Large-Area Atom Interferometers

Cited by 105 publications

References 39 publications

New Determination of the Fine Structure Constant and Test of the Quantum Electrodynamics

New Determination of the Fine Structure Constant and Test of the Quantum Electrodynamics

High-Resolution Atom Interferometers with Suppressed Diffraction Phases

Recoil-Sensitive Lithium Interferometer without a Subrecoil Sample

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