“…In the case with films, |s 11 | increased by about 10 dB at 1 GHz because of the additional metallic boundary of the magnetic film. 19,23) The insertion loss difference, which was defined as the difference between |s 21 | in the case of blank and film-covered MSLs, became larger as the frequency increased because of the combination of FMR and Joule losses in each film, and was several dBs in the GHz range. The FMR losses in Co-Zr-Nb, Ni-Fe and (Co-Pd)-CaF 2 films can increase and maximize at effective FMR frequency of approximately 2.7, 2.2 and 6.0 GHz, respectively.…”