Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: A still debated liaison

Dongiovanni, Paola; Ruscica, Massimiliano

doi:10.1177/2047487319895402

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Over the past two decades, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has raised the burden of death and disability caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) 1 . The prevalence of NAFLD in adults is 25% (95% CI: 22.10‐28.65) worldwide, the highest being reported in the Middle East (32%) and South America (31%), followed by Asia (27%), USA (24%) and Europe (23%), with the lowest in Africa (14%) 2,3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease diagnoses and cardiovascular diseases: From epidemiology to drug approaches

Dongiovanni

Paolini

Corsini

et al. 2021

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background A consensus of experts has proposed to replace the term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whose global prevalence is 25%, with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), to describe more appropriately the liver disease related to metabolic derangements. MAFLD is closely intertwined with type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, all linked to a rise in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Since controversy still stands on whether or not NAFLD/MAFLD raises the odds of CVD, the present review aims to evaluate the impact of NAFLD/MAFLD aetiologies on CV health and the potential correction by dietary and drug approaches. Results Epidemiological studies indicate that NAFLD raises risk of fatal or non‐fatal CVD events. NAFLD patients have a higher prevalence of arterial plaques and stiffness, coronary calcification, and endothelial dysfunction. Although genetic and environmental factors strongly contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis, a Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that the PNPLA3 genetic variant leading to NAFLD may not be causally associated with CVD risk. Among other genetic variants related to NAFLD, TM6SF2 appears to be protective, whereas MBOAT7 may favour venous thromboembolism. Conclusions NAFLD is correlated to a higher CVD risk which may be ameliorated by dietary interventions. This is not surprising, since new criteria defining MAFLD include other metabolic risk abnormalities fuelling development of serious adverse extrahepatic outcomes, for example CVD. The present lack of a targeted pharmacological approach makes the identification of patients with liver disease at higher CVD risk (eg diabetes, hypertension, obesity or high levels of C‐reactive protein) of major clinical interest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease diagnoses and cardiovascular diseases: From epidemiology to drug approaches

Dongiovanni

Paolini

Corsini

et al. 2021

Eur J Clin Investigation

Self Cite

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“…DPP4 is a serine protease that is expressed at high levels in the liver, and its overexpression is associated with the induction of adipose inflammation, which leads to the development of NAFLD. [32] DPP4 inhibitors may exert direct anti-atherosclerotic effects through multiple mechanisms, including amelioration of endothelial cell dysfunction, modulation of monocytes and smooth muscle cells, inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, and modulation of DPP4 expression. [33,34] MMP9 is a gene encoding a matrix metalloproteinase, which is expressed by leukocytes primarily during local inflammation and plays an important role in tissue repair [35–38] , and a study suggests that MPP9 is associated with cancer staging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Lv,

Han,

Wen

et al. 2024

Medicine

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Atherosclerosis (AS) is closely related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which promotes and exacerbates the development of AS. However, it is uncertain how the precise underlying mechanism occurs. Here, we attempted to further explore the association underlying atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through integrated bioinformatics analysis. Microarray data for atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the genes related to atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease showing co-expression. Additionally, the common gene targets associated with atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were also analyzed and screened using data from 3 public databases [comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD), DISEASES, and GeneCards]. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed using Metascape R, respectively. The protein–protein interaction networks (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape. According to the results of an analysis of common genes, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is co-expressed up-regulated in AS and NAFLD and is enriched in inflammatory and immune-related collaterals. Consequently, MMP9 may work together through immunity and inflammation to treat AS and NAFLD and may be a potential therapeutic target in the future. The findings of this study provide new insights into the shared association between AS and NAFLD. MMP9 is co-expressed up-regulated in AS and NAFLD, which be able to reveal the presence of co-expressed genes in atherosclerosis and NAFLD.

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Shared genetic architecture and causal relationship between liver and heart disease

Fang,

Jia,

Mou

et al. 2024

iScience

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: A still debated liaison

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease diagnoses and cardiovascular diseases: From epidemiology to drug approaches

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease diagnoses and cardiovascular diseases: From epidemiology to drug approaches

The association between atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Shared genetic architecture and causal relationship between liver and heart disease

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