Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Southern Part of Salem District in Tamilnadu, India

Balamurugan, P.; Kumar, PJ Sajil; Shankar, K.; Nagavinothini, R.; Vijayasurya, K.

doi:10.4067/s0717-97072020000104697

Cited by 104 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation technique used in this study is now-adays an effective tool for spatial interpolation of groundwater quality parameters leading to the generation of spatial distribution maps (Magesh et al 2013;Kawo and Shankar 2018;Balamurugan et al 2020b;Sarfo and Shankar 2020). The weights were assigned to various parameters at each location based on distance and were calculated, taking into consideration the closest specified locations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the assessment and monitoring of groundwater quality on a regular basis is being carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique added with the IDW interpolation method and has proved itself as a powerful tool for evaluating and analysing spatial information of water resources (Aravindan et al 2010;Shankar et al 2010Shankar et al , 2011aVenkateswaran et al 2012;Selvam et al 2013b;Magesh and Elango 2019;Balamurugan et al 2020b;Soujanya Kamble et al 2020). It is an economically feasible and time-efficient technique for transforming huge data sets to generate various spatial distribution maps and projections revealing trends, associations and sources of contaminants/pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

et al. 2021

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Groundwater is an important source for drinking water supply in hard rock terrain of Bundelkhand massif particularly in District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India. An attempt has been made in this work to understand the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrate, copper, manganese, silver, zinc, iron and nickel were analysed to estimate the groundwater quality. The water quality index (WQI) has been applied to categorize the water quality viz: excellent, good, poor, etc. which is quite useful to infer the quality of water to the people and policy makers in the concerned area. The WQI in the study area ranges from 4.75 to 115.93. The overall WQI in the study area indicates that the groundwater is safe and potable except few localized pockets in Charkhari and Jaitpur Blocks. The Hill-Piper Trilinear diagram reveals that the groundwater of the study area falls under Na+-Cl−, mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl− and Ca2+-$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$ HCO 3 - types. The granite-gneiss contains orthoclase feldspar and biotite minerals which after weathering yields bicarbonate and chloride rich groundwater. The correlation matrix has been created and analysed to observe their significant impetus on the assessment of groundwater quality. The current study suggests that the groundwater of the area under deteriorated water quality needs treatment before consumption and also to be protected from the perils of geogenic/anthropogenic contamination.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

et al. 2021

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“…Shankar andKawo 2019 andSoujanya et al 2020). IDW is an effective method for spatial interpolation of groundwater quality parameters (Karunanidhi et al 2019;Kawo and Shankar 2018;Balamurugan et al 2020).…”

Section: Heavy Metal Pollution Index (Hpi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Possible Health Risks for Human beings in an Industrialized City of South India

Karunanidhi

Palanisamy

Karuppannan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this investigation, positive impact of COVID-19 lockdown on heavy metals concentration and biological parameters in the groundwater samples of Coimbatore city of South India. The groundwater samples (n = 15) were obtained from shallow-open wells before lockdown (24–25 January 2020) and after lockdown (2–3 June 2020) periods. These samples were analysed for heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr and Pb) and biological parameters (E. coli, Fecal coliforms, Fecal streptococci and Total coliforms). Fe concentration was within the permissible limit but, the concentrations of Mn, Ni, Cr and Pb were above the allowable limits for drinking uses as per the WHO. However, after lockdown the number of samples crossing the cutoff limit had considerably decreased (Mn: 2 to 0; Ni: 13 to 10; Cr: 7 to 5; Pb: 13 to 8). The spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution index (HPI) revealed that 176.75 km2 (67.4%) and 85.35 km2 (32.6 %) areas fell under unsuitable and very poor categories, respectively, during pre-lockdown period, whereas 138.23 km2 (52.6 %), 118.98 km2 (45.3%) and 4.89 km2 (2.1%) areas fell under very poor, poor and good categories, respectively, during post-lockdown period. Similarly, Total coliform, Fecal coliform and E. coli had decreased distinctly due to the pandemic lockdown. Therefore, shutdown of small and large-scale industries during the lockdown period had improved the groundwater quality. Health risk assessment showed that 93%, 87% and 80% of pre-lockdown samples, and 87%, 80% and 73% of post-lockdown samples possessed non-carcinogenic risks (HI > 1) for children, female and male categories, respectively.

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“…Natural and artificial source of groundwater contamination can be identified with human health, which are the most across the broad issues in arid and semi-arid regions in the world (Abbasnia et al, 2019Busico et al, 2020Balamurugan et al, 2020a, Shankar et al, 2019, Patil et al, 2020. It is essential to monitoring the human health, quality and amount of grains since it affects soils, crops, and the natural condition of ecosystem (Balamurugan et al, 2020b). About 80% of the health issues and diseases around the world are due to the consumption of contaminated water for domestic purposes (Adimalla et al, 2019a, Kavurmacı et al, 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purpose using GIS and statistical approach with special reference to nitrate contamination in a semi-arid region: A case study

Balamurugan¹,

MUNIRAJ²,

KARUPPANNAN

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Groundwater contamination has become an environmental issue all around the world. The specific objective of the present study is to evaluate the risk assessment of groundwater for nitrate contamination and in addition to assess the suitability of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes in the semi-arid region. Thirty sample locations were identified based on the more active industrial and high-densified residential regions in the study area. To evaluate the drinking and irrigation fitness of groundwater by analysed water quality parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, Total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, carbonate and bicarbonate. According to World Health Organization (WHO) 2011 and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) 2012 standards, the GIS Spatial analysis of groundwater parameters was carried out to identify each parameter high contaminated regions in the study area. Multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and Pearson correlation matrix, was used to understand the relationship between water quality parameters. The Results show that 40% of samples are highly affected due to the high concentration of nitrate. The total non-carcinogenic health risks for male, women, and children are 40%, 50%, and 53.33%, respectively. It reveals that, children and women are at high risk than male in the study region. The major sources of contamination are discharges from the household, uncovered septic tanks, leachate from the waste dump, and excess utilization of fertilizers in the agriculture field.

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Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Groundwater in Southern Part of Salem District in Tamilnadu, India

Cited by 104 publications

References 29 publications

Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index (WQI) under GIS framework

Positive Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Heavy Metals in Groundwater and Possible Health Risks for Human beings in an Industrialized City of South India

Appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purpose using GIS and statistical approach with special reference to nitrate contamination in a semi-arid region: A case study

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