Non coding RNAs in aortic aneurysmal disease

Abstract

An aneurysm is a local dilatation of a vessel wall which is >50% its original diameter. Within the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, aortic aneurysms are among the most challenging to treat. Most patients present acutely after aneurysm rupture or dissection from a previous asymptomatic condition and are managed by open surgical or endovascular repair. In addition, patients may harbor concurrent disease contraindicating surgical intervention. Collectively, these factors have driven the search for alternative methods of identifying, monitoring and treating aortic aneurisms using less invasive approaches. Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) are emerging as new fundamental regulators of gene expression. The small microRNAs have opened the field of ncRNAs capturing the attention of basic and clinical scientists for their potential to become new therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers for aortic aneurysm. More recently, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have started to be actively investigated, leading to first exciting reports, which further suggest their important and yet largely unexplored contribution to vascular physiology and disease. This review introduces the different ncRNA types and focus at ncRNA roles in aorta aneurysms. We discuss the potential of therapeutic interventions targeting ncRNAs and we describe the research models allowing for mechanistic studies and clinical translation attempts for controlling aneurysm progression. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of microRNAs and lncRNAs as clinical biomarkers.

The 100 most-cited articles on aortic dissection

“…Second, insufficient funding is an important barrier to performing basic research, and many clinicians believe that they do not have enough time to perform basic science research along with patient care [17]. Much more basic research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of AD to allow better clinical treatment strategies, as several of the articles (Duggirala A et al [18], Stankowski RV et al [19] and Milewicz DM et al [20]) in our T100 list, although published in journals with a relatively low IF provide important data about AD.…”

MiR‐195 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm media remodeling by targeting Smad3

“…VSMCs are the major resident cells in the aortic wall, and they can maintain aortic architecture by matrix synthesis . miRNAs have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of aortic aneurysm by regulating VSMCs proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, or ECM . To investigate the role of miR‐195 in AAA formation, we detected the effect of miR‐195 on VSMCs proliferation and apoptosis in vitro.…”

“…25 migration, or ECM. 26 To investigate the role of miR-195 in AAA formation, we detected the effect of miR-195 on VSMCs proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. As might be expected, we found that miR-195 overexpression suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of VSMCs.…”

Emerging Biomarkers of Congenital Heart Diseases and Disorders

“…Similar abnormalities can be identified by measuring alpha II-spectrin breakdown products in the serum [33].Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) is emerging as new fundamental regulators of gene expression (Table 2). microRNAs and lncRNAs work as clinical biomarkers for aortic aneurysm [7].…”

“…An aneurysm is a local dilatation of a vessel wall which is >50% of its original diameter. Aortic aneurysms are among the most challenging to treat [7]. Similarly, early stage heart failure in adults is a severe congenital heart disease remains elusive in diagnosis (Table 1).…”