Non-Coding RNAs: Master Regulators of Inflammasomes in Inflammatory Diseases

Abstract

Emerging data indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent more than just “junk sequences” of the genome and have been found to be involved in multiple diseases by regulating various biological process, including the activation of inflammasomes. As an important aspect of innate immunity, inflammasomes are large immune multiprotein complexes that tightly regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediate pyroptosis; the activation of the inflammasomes is a vital biological process in inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have emphasized the function of ncRNAs in the fine control of inflammasomes activation either by directly targeting components of the inflammasomes or by controlling the activity of various factors that control the activation of inflammasomes; consequently, ncRNAs may represent potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. Understanding the precise role of ncRNAs in controlling the activation of inflammasomes will help us to design targeted therapies for multiple inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulatory role and therapeutic potential of ncRNAs in the activation of inflammasomes by focusing on a range of inflammatory diseases, including microbial infection, sterile inflammatory diseases, and fibrosis-related diseases. Our goal is to provide new ideas and perspectives for future research.

The expression patterns of MALAT-1, NEAT-1, THRIL, and miR-155-5p in the acute to the post-acute phase of COVID-19 disease

“…Increasing evidence indicated that ncRNAs play a critical role in inflammation-related disorders by regulation of the diverse biological processes, such as the activation of inflammatory pathway signaling. [ 50 , 51 ] Reportedly, ncRNAs cross-talking with immune cells can also regulate inflammation and immunological response. Further, due to growing understanding of the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 with host ncRNAs,[ 52 , 53 ] one could suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can alter the immunological pathway by deregulation of ncRNAs expression.…”

An overview of natural products that modulate the expression of non-coding RNAs involved in oxidative stress and inflammation-associated disorders

“…Resveratrol appears to have a modulatory effect on miRNAs, among which are miR-155 involved in the inflammatory pathways, miR-663; an anti-inflammatory ncRNA, and oncogenic miR-21 ( Latruffe et al, 2015 ). In addition, Malat 1 lncRNA and miR-205 were downregulated in rats with resveratrol-treated sepsis-induced acute kidney injury compared to rats not receiving treatment ( Wang B. et al, 2021 ), the same study suggests that inhibition of lncRNA MALAT1/miR-205 by resveratrol has a protective function in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury ( Wang W. et al, 2021 ). Also, miR-Let7A decreases inflammation by upregulation after resveratrol treatment in human THP-1 macrophages ( Song et al, 2016 ).…”

AIM2 and Psoriasis

“…Researchers transfected microRNA-143 (miR-143) ( Figure 1B ), which has been shown to target several inflammation-related genes, into the Jurkat cell line and found significant increases in mRNA expression of both AIM2 and ASC ( 47 ). Another type of ncRNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which is defined as untranslated RNA more than 200 nucleotides in length, can regulate several specific cis- or trans-acting elements ( 48 ). Researchers have identified nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (Neat1), a kind of lncRNA that can be transcribed from multiple endocrine tumor loci.…”