Non-Invasive Data Acquisition and IoT Solution for Human Vital Signs Monitoring: Applications, Limitations and Future Prospects

Abstract

The rapid development of technology has brought about a revolution in healthcare stimulating a wide range of smart and autonomous applications in homes, clinics, surgeries and hospitals. Smart healthcare opens the opportunity for a qualitative advance in the relations between healthcare providers and end-users for the provision of healthcare such as enabling doctors to diagnose remotely while optimizing the accuracy of the diagnosis and maximizing the benefits of treatment by enabling close patient monitoring. This paper presents a comprehensive review of non-invasive vital data acquisition and the Internet of Things in healthcare informatics and thus reports the challenges in healthcare informatics and suggests future work that would lead to solutions to address the open challenges in IoT and non-invasive vital data acquisition. In particular, the conducted review has revealed that there has been a daunting challenge in the development of multi-frequency vital IoT systems, and addressing this issue will help enable the vital IoT node to be reachable by the broker in multiple area ranges. Furthermore, the utilization of multi-camera systems has proven its high potential to increase the accuracy of vital data acquisition, but the implementation of such systems has not been fully developed with unfilled gaps to be bridged. Moreover, the application of deep learning to the real-time analysis of vital data on the node/edge side will enable optimal, instant offline decision making. Finally, the synergistic integration of reliable power management and energy harvesting systems into non-invasive data acquisition has been omitted so far, and the successful implementation of such systems will lead to a smart, robust, sustainable and self-powered healthcare system.

Remote Vital Signs Monitoring Based on Internet of Things System: Literature Review

“…Terdapat beberapa konsep yang muncul dalam sistem Pemantauan Tanda-tanda Vital Jarak Jauh berbasis IoT, yaitu konsep sistem untuk memantau kondisi pasien di rumah, memantau kondisi pasien di ruang rawat inap, dan memantau tanda-tanda vital saat berolah raga (Salem et al, 2022). Dari dua belas literatur yang ditelaah, sepuluh diantaranya mengusung konsep pemantauan pasien di rumah yang akan terhubung dengan tenaga kesehatan.…”

Digital health: trends, opportunities and challenges in medical devices, pharma and bio-technology

“…(b) Non-invasive diagnostics Non-invasive diagnostic devices are being developed to provide a more comfortable and convenient testing experience for patients [ 11 ]. For example, devices that use breath analysis or skin sensors to diagnose conditions are being developed, eliminating the need for invasive procedures such as blood tests.…”

“…(b) Remote diagnostic and intervention tools These tools are being developed to allow healthcare providers to diagnose and attend to conditions remotely [ 11 , 23 ]. For example, some telemedicine devices are equipped with cameras and other tools that allow healthcare providers to examine and intervene as necessary to attend to a patient remotely.…”

Building a Low-Cost Wireless Biofeedback Solution: Applying Design Science Research Methodology

“…Consumer-grade electroencephalography (EEG) products have been widely accepted for non-medical applications [ 19 , 36 ]. Similarly, PPG devices are popular for non-medical health care [ 37 , 38 ]. Innovations in technology over the last decade have advanced consumer-grade wearable sensors, enabling them to prosper in the market.…”